Bacterial industrial production

Bacteria represent a promising source for the production of industrial enzymes. Bacterial cellulases are an especialfy interesting case in point. Many thermophilic bacterial species produce cellulases that are stable and active at high temperature, resistant to proteolytic attack, and stable to mechanical and chemical denaturation. However, cellulase productivities in bacteria are notoriously low compared to other microbial sources. In this paper bacterial enzyme production systems will be discussed with a focus on comparisons of the productivities of known bacterial cellulase producers. In an attempt to draw conclusions concerning the regulation of cellulase synthesis in bacterial systems, a tentative model for regulation in Acidothennus cellulofyticus has been developed. 

Industry should provide the relevant test methods to determine the identity and content of the active ingredients of bacterial larvicide products. 

PH As discovered by Lemoigne [23] more than 70 years ago. The P(3HB) is produced and stored inside the bacterial cell walls in granules. Alcaligenes eutrophus, which was the first strain used for the semi-industrial production of PHAs, can accumulate large quantities of P(3HB) as discrete intercellular granules by careful control of the fermentation process, i.e., up to 80% of the weight of the dried cell can be in the form of P(3HB) granules [7]. 

PHA is produced by different bacterial strains. One of the most studied strain is C. necator (formerly known as Wautersia eutropha, Ralstonia eutropha or Alcaligene eutrophus). It was used in industrial production by Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI PLC) to produce P(3HB-co-3HV) under the trade name of BiopoF. The Biopol patents have now been acquired by Metabolix Inc. (USA) (Verlinden et al. 2007). Until now, C. necator is still being used widely for bacterial fermentation as it is an efficient strain. Other important strains that have been studied for PHA production are Bacillus spp., Alcaligenes spp.. Pseudomonas spp., Aeromonas hydrophila, Rhodopseudomonas palustris, recombinant Escherichia coli, Burkholderia sacchari, and Halomonas boliviensis (Verlinden et al. 2007). 

J. Bacterial, 193 (19), 5593-5594 b) Zhang, G, et al. (2011) Complete genome sequence of Bacillus amyloliq-uefaciens TA208, a strain for industrial production of guanosine and ribavirin, f. Bacterial, 193 (12), 3142 -3143,... 

Keshk, S.M., 2014. Bacterial cellulose production and its industrial applications. 

Industrial Production of Bacterial Polyhydroxyalkanoates PHAs via Fermentation... 

For the bacterial production of PHAs by wild-type strains, the Ralstonia eutropha (formerly called Alcaligenes eutrophus, Wautersia eutropha, or Cupri-avidus necator) has been the most commonly used wild-type strain for the industrial production of PHB, P3HB4HB, and PHBV. 

Keshk, S.M.A.S., 2014a. Bacterial ceUirlose production and its industrial apphcations. Bioprocessing and Biotechniques 4, 2. 

LvY,Wu Z, Han S, LinY, Zheng S. Genome sequence of Corynebacterium glutamicum s9114, a strain for industrial production of glutamate. Bacterial 2011 193 6096—7. 

Food preservatives are yet another product of industrial fermentation. Organic acids, particularly lactic and citric acids, are extensively used as food preservatives. Some of these preservatives (such as citric acid) are used as flavoring agents. A mixture of two bacterial species (Lactobacillus and Streptococcus) is usually used for industrial production of lactic acid. The mold Asper Uus niger is used for citric acid manufacturing. Another common preservative is the protein nisin. Nisin is produced via fermentation by the bacterium Lactococcus lactis. It is employed in the dairy industry especially for production of processed cheese. 

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