Bacterial growth, effect

Russell JB, A proposed mechanism of monensin action in inhibiting ruminal bacterial growth Effects on ion flux and protonmotive force, J. Anim. Sci. 1987 64 1519-1525. 

Bacteria require p-aminobenzoic acid to biosyn thesize folic acid a growth factor Structurally sul fanilamide resembles p-aminobenzoic acid and is mistaken for it by the bacteria Folic acid biosynthesis IS inhibited and bacterial growth is slowed suffi ciently to allow the body s natural defenses to effect a cure Because animals do not biosynthesize folic acid but obtain it in their food sulfanilamide halts the growth of bacteria without harm to the host... 

Several drugs in current medical use are mechanism-based enzyme inactivators. Eor example, the antibiotic penicillin exerts its effects by covalently reacting with an essential serine residue in the active site of glycoprotein peptidase, an enzyme that acts to cross-link the peptidoglycan chains during synthesis of bacterial cell walls (Eigure 14.17). Once cell wall synthesis is blocked, the bacterial cells are very susceptible to rupture by osmotic lysis, and bacterial growth is halted. 

Random and structured packings are susceptible to surface fouling due to process conditions and/or the presence of oxygen as may be related to bacterial growth. Some systems will precipitate solids or crystals from solution usually due to the temperature and concentration effects. Bravo [135] discusses air-water stripping and illus-... 

An experimental nm had been conducted to study the effect of airflow rate in the 3 litres aeration wastewater treatment tank. Nutrients were added in the treatment tank to ensure sufficient bacterial growth. In each experiment, the cell optical density, COD and die concentration of chemicals equivalent to carbohydrates were monitored for the duration of aeration. 

As mentioned in Chapter 3, DI water has now replaced distilled water for most laboratory purposes. PVC pipe, which is both inexpensive and easy to install, is normally employed to carry the water to points of usage. It is very important that the lines do not have dead legs where water is allowed to stand, since this could encourage bacterial growth. In cases where sterile water is needed, special steps must be taken. The water may be boiled, which also drives out dissolved gases, or ultraviolet radiation may be employed, a common method in the cosmetics industry. Membrane filters will also effectively remove bacteria. Laboratories needing sterile water often use two bacteria removal systems of... 

A mathematical model for reservoir souring caused by the growth of sulfate-reducing bacteria is available. The model is a one-dimensional numerical transport model based on conservation equations and includes bacterial growth rates and the effect of nutrients, water mixing, transport, and adsorption of H2S in the reservoir formation. The adsorption of H2S by the roek was considered. 

Table 4. Effect of group VIII b transition metal compoundsa) on bacterial growth (concentrations of metal ions maintained for 2 hours at 8 p.p.m. in the continuous culture chamber) (2)...

Carbon dioxide gas is used to carbonate soft drinks, beers and wine and to prevent fungal and bacterial growth. C02 has an inhibitory effect on bacterial growth, especially those that cause discoloration and odours. 

Atroshi F, Rizzo A F, Westermarck T and Ali-Vehmas T (1998), Effects of tamoxifen, melatonin, coenzyme Q10 and L-carnitine supplementation on bacterial growth in the presence of mycotoxins , Pharmacol. Res., 38 (4), 289-295. 

Although fixation with formaldehyde has been a mainstay of tissue preservation for well over 100 years, the chemical basis for this effect has been elucidated very slowly over that time. Exposing tissue to formaldehyde rather rapidly stops the enzymatic degradation and bacterial growth that begin immediately after tissue is excised or an organism dies, and causes the tissue to shrink and become hard relative to the unfixed state. This results in a tissue... 

Two studies compared the effect of rifaximin to that of neomycin and/or of rifampicin [72, 73] on the fecal flora in rats. In the first study [72] the antibiotic (1, 10, 30 and 100 mg/kg orally for 7 days) did inhibit both aerobic (especially coliforms and cocci) and anaerobic bacterial growth. Its activity was similar to that of neomycin and stronger than that of rifampicin. In the second investigation [73] the antibiotic effect on aerobic microorganisms was specifically investigated. Oral rifaximin treatment (50 mg/kg for 3 days) caused a marked reduction in the number of total aerobic bacteria and salmonellae, while neomycin led only to a decrease in salmonella counts, but did not cause statistically significant changes in the total aerobic bacterial population. 

Since anaerobic azo dye reduction is an oxidation-reduction reaction, a liable electron donor is essential to achieve effective color removal rates. It is known that most of the bond reductions occurred during active bacterial growth [48], Therefore, anaerobic azo dye reduction is extremely depended on the type of primary electron donor. It was reported that ethanol, glucose, H2/CO2, and formate are effective electron donors contrarily, acetate and other volatile fatty acids are normally known as poor electron donors [42, 49, 50]. So far, because of the substrate itself or the microorganisms involved, with some primary substrates better color removal rates have been obtained, but with others no effective decolorization have been observed [31]. Electron donor concentration is also important to achieve... 

Volkering, F., Breure, A. M., Sterkenburg, A. and van Andel, J. G. (1992). Microbial degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons effect of substrate availability on bacterial growth kinetics, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 36, 548-552. 

Fortner et al. (2005) reported an inhibitory effect on bacterial growth due to the presence of fullerene nanoparticles at concentration > 4 mg/L, while recently the impact of C60 pollution on soil was described (Tong et al., 2007). The authors analyzed the soil respiration, as well as the enzymatic and the microbial activity... 

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