Bacterial effects

Other factors may include color, toxicity and safety, temperature restrictions, ability to cure at service temperature, resistance to bacterial effects, shelf life and pot life of the paints. 

To avoid loss of analyte by chemical reaction or by temperature or bacterial effects, it may be necessary to take extraordinary precautions specific to the analyte itself. Such precautions may include adding a preservative to the sample, maintaining specific conditions of temperature, humidity, or other environmental conditions, avoiding sunlight or oxygen, etc. In addition, laboratory equipment that comes into contact with the sample in the preparation process should be clean and free of material that would remove analyte or add contaminant. 

Ranges shown represent a composite of autoclaved and filter sterilized trials, along with trials involving non-sterilized waters. No bacterial effects are in evidence. Effects of pH are unimportant in these waters. Metal catalysis is not a factor. For a detailed analysis of the data including error gnalysis, see reference 7. ... 

Our laboratory first called attention to the bacterial effects of the simpler complexes in 1965. Over the next few years, in cooperative studies with microbiologists, a number of papers were published describing a multiplicity of effects on microorganisms caused by various complexes of platinum group metals platinum, palladium, ruthenium, rhodium, osmium, and iridium. 

Figure 11B illustrates that the bacterial culture supernatants taken from the silver-treated surfaces, remained sterile throughout the 72 h test period. This indicates that silver was leaching from the surfaces and exerted an anti-bacterial effect in the surrounding medium. The diffusive leaching of silver from the substrates was not quantified in the scope of this work carried and is currently carried out at EPFL by M. Ramstedt.23... 

If applicable, any miscellaneous studies, such as those showing bacterial effects, activity of major metabolites, or relationships to known drugs, should be summarized. 

The spectra of bacterial effectiveness of the various tetracyclines are fairly similar. However, metabolism and excretion vary. In general, preference is currently given to drugs that can be given in relatively low doses (not above 1.0 g/day). 

Among twenty-five clinical trials on cranberry juice or extracts in early 2009, half were investigating specifically these anti-adhesion/anti-bacterial effects. The largest, most advanced study is a series of related phase II clinical trials by the U.S. National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine of the National Institutes of Health involving 250 to 400 female patients in each study. This research is distinctive among superfruits in that it is related not to the hallmark of public interest in superfruits—antioxidant properties—but rather to antibacterial effects. 

The concept of synergistically overcoming p-lactamase resistance by concomitant use of a P-lactam antibiotic resistant to P-lactamase hydrolysis with one sensitive to it is theoretically sound. The expectation is that the sensitive compound would be spared destruction and would add its bacterial effect to that of the resistant compound. Even though in vitro results seemed promising, clinically the synergism achieved was not enough. 

Bacteria are included in the factor that enhances the DA production in P. multiseries culture however, in case of N. navis-varingica culture, the effect of bacteria on enhancing the toxin production was not obvious. Another interest about bacterial effect on ASP toxin composition of... 

Many other issues are involved in the application of cathodic protection. For example, consider the case of cathodic protection of underground structures in which the corrosivity of soil is likely to play a major role, as does the degree of aeration and the resistivity. Bacterial effects also can change the corrosion potential. AU these factors influence the corrosion process so that along a pipeline there can be varying cathodic control requirements that have to be estimated from potential measurements, experience, and so forth. 

In the same year, 1986, the ormocers were presented to the public. These coatings are sprayed in a thickness of nm onto window glass and darken this when the sun shines on it. In the 1990s, these nanoscale powders were also used in silicate ceramics applied to tiles, sanitaryware and tableware articles or roofing tiles, they make sure that dirt particles caimot attache themselves to the surface. Special compositions even have an anti-bacterial effect. 

Tazobactam is a P-lactamase inhibitor that is used with piperacillin to enhance the anti-bacterial effect of piperacillin. 

Glass-ionomers are known to have strong anti-bacterial properties when newly placed [57], a feature which is attributed to the combined effects of their low early pH and their ability to release fluoride in an early burst shortly after forming [58]. These effects have been confirmed for glass-ionomer endodontic sealers [59], but anti-bacterial effects were transient, and had disappeared after 24h. This contrasts with zinc oxide-eugenol canent, which has been shown to maintain its anti-bacterial... 

A row-dilution test (Sadler and Binder, 1996) was carried out in order to determine the anti-bacterial effect of different test substances (organic acids). This trial design made it possible to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) required for bacteriostasis (Drews, 1983). The substances that were used in the test are listed in table 4. 

Hayashi, Y, Ohara, N., Ganno, T., Ishizaki, H., and Yanagiguchi, K. 2007b. Chitosan containing gun chewing accelerates anti bacterial effect with an increase in salivary secretion. J. Dent. 34 871-874. 

Wei, C.I., Balaban, M.O., Fernando, S.Y., and Peplow, A.J. (1991) Bacterial Effect of High Pressure C02 Treatment of Foods spiked with Listeria or Salmonella. Journal of Food Protection, 54, 189. 

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