Bacteria in liquids

Wilson MJ, Glen DM, Pearce JD, Rodgers PB. Monoxenic culture of the slug parasite Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita (Nematoda, Rhabditidae) with different bacteria in liquid and solid phase. Fund Appl Nematol. 1995b 18 159-166. 

Usually, the detection of pathogenic bacteria, such as Escherichia coli is based on the selective growth of these bacteria in liquid media or on plates. This procedure may require several days [52]. More recently, methods such as pathogen recognition by fluorescently labeled antibodies, DNA probes, or bacteriophages have been developed and proved to be much faster [52],... 

Independently Bunz et al. and Seeberger et al. have investigated the interaction of mannose-substituted PPEs 126, 128, and their model compound 127 with Concanavalin A. Quenching and formation of aggregates occurred [130,195]. It was shown that Escherichia co/i bacteria can be stained by mannose-containing PPEs 128 and less than 10 E. coli bacteria can be detected by fluorescence microscopy of the now fluorescent cells [195]. These polymers inhibit ConA-induced a lutination of sheep blood at very low concentrations. The fluorescent assay is obtained in a short time and does not need growth of bacteria in liquid media or on a plate and is therefore a conceptually valuable low-tech alternative to the classic tools of microbiology. 

Musk has anti-inflammatory and antihistami-nic activities on experimental animals, Its anti-inflammatory activity was greater than that of phenylbutazone against arthritis in rats induced by injection of dead tubercle bacteria in liquid paraffin/ Its water-soluble ftaction has the strongest anti-inflammatory activity, being 36 times that of hydrocortisone in mouse ear edema induced by croton oil. The active principle is a polypeptide with a molecular weight of about 10,000 whose structure has not been determined. 

Lactic acid bacteria were immobilized in Ca-alginate beads prepared from different concentration of Na-alginate (1.0%, 2.0%, 4.0%, 6.0% and 8.0% w/v) and their fermentation efficiencies were investigated in liquid pineapple waste containing 31.3 gL of glucose... 

BCG Cultures of live BCG cells in liquid or on solid media 1 Bacteria centrifuged from medium 2 Resuspension in stabilizer 3 Freeze-drying Viable count induction of sensitivity to tuberculin in guinea-pigs Exclusion of virulent mycobacteria absence of excessive dermal reactivity... 

Typhoidt whole cell Cultures of Sat. typhi grown in liquid media 1 Killing with heat or phenol 2 Separation and resuspension of bacteria in saline Induction of antibodies in rabbits Exclusion of live Sai. typhi... 

DiTommaso, A. and Elkan, G.H., Role of bacteria in decomposition of injected liquid waste at Wilmington, North Carolina, in Symposium on Underground Waste Management and Artificial Recharge, Braunstein, J., Ed., publication 110, International Association of Hydrological Sciences, 1973, pp. 585-599. 

Ronkko, R. Pennanen, T. Smolander, A. Kitunen, V. Kortemaa, H. Haahtela, K. Quantification of Frankia strains and other root-associated bacteria in pure cultures and in the rhizosphere of axenic seedlings by high-performance liquid chromatography-based muramic acid assay. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1994, 60, 3672-3678. 

Because viruses only replicate inside living cells, research on viruses requires use of appropriate hosts. For the study of bacterial viruses, pure cultures are used either in liquid or on semi-solid (agar) medium. Because bacteria are so easy to culture, it is quite easy to study bacterial viruses and this is why such detailed knowledge of bacterial virus reproduction is available. 

Lebeau et al. (2002) investigated the sorption of cadmium by viable microbial cells that were free or immobilized in alginate beads by incubating the bacteria in a liquid soil extract medium at pH 5 7 and Cd concentrations of 1 to 10 mg L-1. The percentage of Cd biosorbed reached a maximum (69%) at low Cd concentrations and neutral pH. Thus, the effectiveness of bacteria, inoculated into metal-contaminated soils, would largely depend on the concentration of the metal and its distribution between the biomass and the medium. 

Among the wide choice of reactor designs, the biofilm reactor is one of the best suited for azo-dye conversion as it meets two important process requisites. The first is related to the hindered growth feature of bacterial metabolism under anaerobic conditions. The second is related to the necessity to increase cell densities (see previous section) with respect to those commonly harvested in liquid broths [55, 56]. Except for bacteria that forms aggregates spontaneously, immobilization of cells on granular carriers and membrane reactor technology are the two common pathways to achieve high-density confined cell cultures in either discontinuous or flow reactors. 

Blood of normal subjects was obtained from an antecubital vein, diluted 1 5 with pH 4.5 buffer,2 and autoclaved 30 minutes to convert bound cobalamin into its microbiologically active form serum was treated like blood. This procedure allowed estimation of total vitamin Bi2. For the subsequent inoculation of specimens (a) E. coli as a loopful from nutrient agar suspended in 25 ml of medium, (b) L. leichmannii, an 18-hour culture diluted 1 10 in basal medium, (c) E. gracilis, strain Z, and (d) O. malhamensis are inoculated directly from a 5-day culture grown in liquid maintenance medium. One drop into a culture flask served as inoculum. The bacteria required 18-hours for full growth protozoa, 4-5 days. 

Like fungi, however, actinomycetes display extensive mycelial branching, and both types of microorganisms form aerial mycelia and conidia. Moreover, growth of actinomycetes in liquid culture tends to produce fungus-like clumps or pellets rather than the turbidity produced by bacteria. Finally, growth rates in fungi and actinomycetes are not exponential as they are in bacteria rather, they are cubic [35,42]. 

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