Bacteria immune reaction

Interleukins a subset of the cytokines, denoted by the designation IL-1, IL-2, and so on, and each has specific functions in regulating the immune reaction Lymphotoxin a cytokine, similar to tumor necrosis factor Lipopolysaccharide a molecular component of certain bacteria, that is recognized by certain cells of the immune system (most especially macrophages) and triggers the activation of many immune functions, including synthesis of -NO also called endotoxin... 

Bacteriostatic antibiotics inhibit bacterial growth and proliferation, while bactericidal antibiotics actually kill bacteria. Many antibiotics are bacteriostatic at low concentrations and bactericidal at higher concentrations. This distinction is often not important clinically. If bacteria are prevented from multiplying, they will eventually be destroyed by the normal immune reaction of the host. Infections in inmiunocompromized individuals (for example, those with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and those on systemic corticosteroid, anticancer or immunosuppressant therapy) have to be treated with potent bactericidal drugs. 

At the level of the Japanese eel, treatment with glycans activated the innate immune reaction of opsonization of phagocyosis by complement [976]. However, intraperitoneal immunization with inactivated Edwardsiella bacteria induced rising agglutinating antibody titers [977]. If this is confirmed (that the antibodies were truly immunoglobulins), than the eel s immune system is that of the vertebrate... 

In contrast to adhesion in air, only few thermodynamic studies have been devoted to adhesion in the biological system. Recently van Oss has pointed out that i ago-cy tosis of bacteria by a phagocyte is independent of immune reactions but determined solely by the free energy change during phagocytosis ... 

Dead or live bacteria may be effective to stimulate inflammatory reactions of phagocytic cells against tumor cells. The best-characterized treatment is the use of Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) in the case of bladder cancer where activation of the immune response is capable of controlling tumor growth. 

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