Bacillus thuringiensis biology

Glare, Travis R., and Maureen O Callaghan. 2000. Bacillus thuringiensis Biology, Ecology and Safety. Weinheim Wiley-VCH. 

Mackowiack P.A. (1979) Clinical uses of microorganisms and their products, JMed, 67,293-306. Priest EG. (1992) Biological control of mosquitoes and other biting flies hy Bacillus sphaericus and Bacillus thuringiensis. J Appl Bacterial, 72, 357-369. 

McGaughey, W.H. 1985b. Insect resistance to the biological insecticide Bacillus thuringiensis. Science 229, 193-195. 

Wasps are particularly effective at controlling this pest. Grow crops under fine mesh to exclude the butterflies. Biological control Spray Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) on infested plants (this is only available in large "commercial grower" packs). 

The commercial benefits. This biotechnological approach to use allelopathy is natural and has ingredients for success. Two targets for this approach are velvet leaf (Arbutiton theophrasti, Medic) and Bacillus thuringiensis (6). Velvet leaf caused a half billion dollars in economic loss in 1982 (7,8). The basis of activity and the allelopathic potential of this plant must be identified as chemical or biological and harnessed. 

Table 3.2 Classification and biological activity of Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies...

L.F. Adams, C.-L. Liu, S.C. Macintosh and R.L. Starnes, Diversity and Biological Activity of Bacillus thuringiensis, in Crop Protection Agents from Nature natural products and analogues , ed. L.G. Copping, Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge UK, 1996, pp. 360-389. 

Finally, also for these ticks, the biological control with the entomogenous fungi Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae [111,112] or different strains of the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis [167,168], showed different degrees, of effectiveness. 

A molybdenum-binding ionophore has been described, namely a peptide secreted by Bacillus thuringiensis which can bind MoO ion. Its biological function is not known.81 Curiously the secretion of this peptide appears to occur under conditions of iron depletion. 

Insect control is restricted to natural insecticides derived from plant extracts, such as pyrethrum or derris. Biological controls such as Bacillus thuringiensis and predator... 

Stotzky, G. (2000). Persistence and biological activity in soil of insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis and of bacterial DNA bound on clays and humic acids. Journal of Environmental Quality, 29, 691-705. 

Biological controls Using living organisms to control pests is called biological control. These controls include disease organisms such as Bacillus thuringiensis that infect insects as well as predatory or parasitic insects or mites. Many beneficial insects have been introduced from other countries to control imported pests and thousands of beneficial species are native to North. America. Several dozen species are... 

English L and Slatin SL (1992) Mode of action of delta-endotoxins from Bacillus thuringiensis A comparison with other bacterial toxins. Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 22 1-7. 

The remainder of this presentation will focus on the applications of some of these technologies toward the development of improved versions of one type of biological pesticide, the bacterial insect pathogen Bacillus thuringiensis. 

Biological insecticides Bacillus thuringiensis kurstakii, 1902 (products 1938) 10-40 (5 - 20 x 109 IU) III Narrow... 

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