Bacillus subtilis sensitivities

Since 1974, Bacillus subtilis EGA has been officially employed as the test organism in the German Hemmstoff test to detect residues of tetracyclines, -lactams and aminoglycosides in kidney and muscle tissues with high sensitivity (72). Macrolides can be also detected, but to a lesser extent, whereas chloramphenicol and sulfonamides are difficult to detect. For better detection of sulfonamides, a modification of this test, the German three-plate inhibition test, was developed. This test is based on the same test organism but uses three pH values (6, 8, and 7.2), with the addition of trimethoprim. The pH relationship between the three... 

Besides physicochemical methods, the use of microbiological growth-inhibition assays to test meat and milk for the presence of antibiotics residues is popular over a long period of time. These tests use antibiotic-sensitive bacterial reporter strains, such as Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus stearothermophilus var. calidolactis. These bacteria are inoculated under optimal conditions with and without sample. After culturing, results are read from visible inhibition zones or from the color change of the bacterial suspension in agar gels [6]. 

DNA repair. Polymerase-deficient, and thus DNA repair-deficient, E. coli has provided the basis for a test that depends on the fact that the growth of a deficient strain is inhibited more by a DNA-damaging agent than is that of a repair-competent strain. The recombinant assay using Bacillus subtilis is conducted in much the same way because recombinant deficient strains are more sensitive to DNA-damaging agents. 

Microbiological assay by the agar plate diffusion method with a sensitive strain of an organism such as Sarcina lutea or Bacillus subtilis has been used to assay amoxicillin in biofluids [179,180,181], However, this lengthy and not very sensitive method has been largely superceded by chromatographic or chemical methods. 

Bourne, I.R. Zurita, E.P. Heinzle, E. Bioreactor scale-up for the oxygen-sensitive culture Bacillus subtilis the influence of stirrer shaft geometry Biotechnol. Prog. 1992, 8 (6), 580-582. 

Riedel et al. (1985a) proposed utilization of the acceleration of glucose respiration by Bacillus subtilis resulting from active NH4 permeation in a sensor for the determination of ammonium ion. The normally repressed NH4 permease system of the cells was activated by nutrient limitation. The cells were fixed to the tip of an oxygen electrode. The sensor exhibited constant sensitivity for more than 12 days. 

MARKHAM, R.J. WILKIE, B.N. (1976) Influence of detergent on aerosol allergic sensitization with enzymes of Bacillus subtilis. International Archives of Allergy and Applied Immunology, 51, 529-543. 

LC—MS) analysis of culture broth extracts, and reporter gene activation have all been successfully used as readouts in high-throughput assays designed to find small-molecule-producing clones (see Section 2.13.4). The most frequently used functional assays have been color production and antibacterial activity. While any assay strain can he selected for an overlay assay, Bacillus subtilis is commonly used due to its sensitivity to most known classes of antibiotics. Using simple functional assays, clones that produce new natural products have been recovered from both Escherichia coli- and Streptomyces lividans-h seA eDNA libraries (see Section 2.13.4). 

Taubman, S. B., Jones, N. R, Young, F. E., and Corcoran, J. W. (1966). Sensitivity and resistance to erythromycin in Bacillus subtilis 168 The ribosomal binding of erythromycin and chloramphenicol. Biochem. Biophys. Acta 123,438-440. 

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