Babesia

Yersinia enterocolitica, Babesia spp., Bartonella spp., Borrelia spp., and Brucella spp. 

Famphur was not very effective in the control of ticks. The tropical horse tick (Anocentor nitens) is a species of serious concern to horse breeders and raisers in Florida mainly because it transmits Babesia caballi, the causative agent of equine piroplasmosis. A secondary concern is that heavy tick infestations may cause injury to the ears of the horse (Gladney etal. 1972). Data were unavailable on famphur control of ticks in horses however, famphur was 99.9 to 100% effective in controlling A. nitens in Hereford steers and heifers when fed in the diet at 5 mg/kg BW for 14 to 21 days. Famphur at 2.5 mg/kg BW in cattle diets for 7 days was only partially effective (39 to 87.5%) in controlling horse ticks (Gladney et al. 1972). Famphur — despite multiple treatments — was not effective in controlling cattle ticks (Haemaphysalis longicornis) when used as a pour-on at recommended application rates in weaned Hereford calves (Heath et al. 1980). 

Quinine is first-line therapy, in combination with clindamycin, in the treatment of infection with Babesia microti or other human babesial infections. 

Babesia species Clindamycin, 600 mg 3 times daily for 7 days Atovaquone or azithromycin... 

Cryptosporidium parvum belongs to the diverse group of intracellular apicomplexans that includes species of human (Babesia microti, Plasmodium falciparum, Toxoplasma gondii) and veterinary (Eimeria tenella, Neospora caninum) importance (Ellis et al. 1998 Fayer 1997 Thompson et al. 2005). While a single mitochondrion is present in most Apicomplexa (McFadden... 

Diniiiiazeiie, an aromatic diamidine (Fig. 5.7), is a veterinary drug employed for die treatment of piroplasmosis and trypanosomiasis. A combination product consisting of 44.5% diminazene and 55.5% phenazone is authorized for use in cattle, sheep, and horses at an intramuscular dosage of 3.5 mg/kg bw. Diminazene acts against Babesia by affecting the fine structure and function of... 

Quinuronium is a complex urea compound (Fig. 5.7) widely used in Babesia infections in horses, cattle, sheep, and swine. The drug is administered only subcutaneously at dosages of 0.3-0.5 mg/kg bw in horses and 0.5 mg/kg bw in cattle, sheep and swine. 

Caccio, S., Camma, C., Onuma, M. and Severini, C. (2000) The (3-tubulin gene of Babesia and Theileria parasites is an informative marker for species discrimination. International Journal for Parasitology 30, 11 81-11 85. 

Spirogermanium has antimalarial activity9, but had no effect on Babesia microti infection in the hamster model166. 

Babesia 573aa, 62kDa, 21% Cytosol Actin binding protein... 

Figueroa JV, Precigout E, Carey B et al. Identification of a coronin-like protein in Babesia species. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2004 1026 125-138. 

Development of DNA Probes for Babesia ovata Detection and Identification Anonymous, Ed. 1995. ss.niah.affrc.go.jp/ topics /1995/ 95013.html. 

Protista Apicomplexa Pyroplasma Pyroplasmida Babesiidae Babesia. 

Efluvane is a derivative of acridine, a non-specific bacteriostatic compound. It is an orange-red crystalline powder that is slightly soluble in saline. It is thought to intercalate with, and, therefore, interfere with, the normal coiling of parasite DNA. For premimition (this compound does not eliminate Babesia spp.), a 5% solution of efluvane is administered i.v. at 4-8 ml/100 kg up to a maximum dose of 20 ml. 

Melhorn H, Schein E 1998 Redescription of Babesia equi Laveran, 1901 as Theileria equi. Parasitology Research 84 467-475... 

Imidocarb has a direct effect on the structure of Babesia spp. and is the drug of choice for equine piroplasmosis (see Ch. 3). Imidocarb has cholinergic effects and may cause adverse, potentially... 

Imidocarb diproprionate 2 mg/kg, once daily for 2 days for Babesia cabalt 4 mg/kg, every 3 days for four treatments for Babesia equb i.m. i.m. 

Activity-guided fractionation of the bark of Shorea balangeran afforded vaticanols A (622), B (690) and G (624) as anti-babesial principles showing complete inhibition on the growth of Babesia gibsoni in vitro at a concentration of 25, 50 and 25 pg/mL, respectively [310]. 

Several newly synthesized dye-type phenothiazinium derivatives (see Fig. 10) were proposed as drugs having a significant antiparasitic activity against Plasmodium, Babesia, Toxoplasma, Trypanosoma, Onchocerca, Fi-laria, Leishmania, nematodes, plathelminthes and nemathelminthes [133]. However, up to now no other data are available on these compounds which were patented in 2001. 

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