B lichens

The amino acid sequence of mature a-amylase of B. stearothermophllus is fairly homologous with two other liquefying a-amylases from B. lichen-Iformls [23] and B. amylollquefaclens [24]. 

H02C(CH2)2C02H. Colourless prisms m.p. 182 C, b.p. 235°C. Occurs in amber, algae, lichens, sugar cane, beets and other plants, and is formed during the fermentation of sugar, tartrates, malates and other substances by a variety of yeasts, moulds and bacteria. Manufactured by the catalytic reduction of maleic acid or by heating 1,2-dicyanoethane with acids or alkalis. Forms an anhydride when heated at 235°C. Forms both acid and neutral salts and esters. Used in the manufacture of succinic anhydride and of polyesters with polyols. 

Frykholm, K. O., Frithiof, L. Fernstrom, A. I. B., Moberger, G., Blohm, S. G. and Bjorn, E. Allergy to Copper Derived from Dental Alloys as a Possible Cause of Oral Lesions of Lichen Planus Acta Dermatovenerol, 49, 268-81 (1969)... 

Bandichhor R, Nosse B, Reiser O (2005) Paraconic Acids - The Natural Products from Lichen Symbiont. 243 43-72 Bannwarth W, see Horn J (2004) 242 43-75 Barre L, see Lasne M-C (2002) 222 201-258... 

Quevauviller Ph, Herzig R. and Muntau H (1996b) Certified reference material of lichen (CRM 482) for the quality control of trace element biomonitoring. Sci Total Environ 187 143-152 Quevauviller Ph, Lachica M., Barahona E, Rauret G, Ure A, Gomez A, and Muntau H (1997) The certification of the EDTA-extractable contents (mass fractions) of Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, and Zn and of the DTPA-extractable contents (mass fractions) of Cd and Ni in calcareous soil by the extraction procedures given CRM 600. EUR Report 17555 Quevauviller Ph. Maier EA, and Griepink B, eds. (1995) Quality Assurance for Environmental Analysis. Elsevier. Amsterdam. 

In 1965 Seshardri et al. described the isolation of an unknown terpenoid acid B obtained from the lichens of Lobaria retigera in the western Himalayas [8]. (Note that this annotation bears no relation to the subsequent nomenclature later defined by Corey and Shibata.) Four collections had been made in the summer of 1962 from under the Rutba plants in the Valley of Flowers (12,500 feet) and on the way to Hemkund Lokpal (13,500 feet) and from underneath rocks and from pine trees in Ganghariya (10,000 feet). The samples were subjected to a series of increasingly polar extractions (petroleum ether, diethyl ether, acetone). The unknown terpenoid acid B was present in all petroleum ether extracts, except that of the sample obtained from the Valley of Flowers, in compositions ranging from 0.47 % to... 

Fig. 4 Experiment 2 Guided isolation and identification of potential allelochemicals from Cladonia foliacea. A, Regenerating protonema from Pleurochaete squarrosa leaves after 14 days in control sample B, regenerating protonema from P. squarrosa after 14 days in the inhibiting fraction P from lichen Cladonia foliacea . C, regenerating protonema from P. squarrosa after 14 days in the stimulating fraction O from lichen Cladonia foliacea. Light microscope (a and c x 25, b x 50).

Budel B, Karsten U, Garcia-Pichel F (1997) Ultraviolet-absorbing scytonemin and mycosporine like amno acid derivatives in exposed rock inhabiting cyanobacterial lichens. Oecologia 112 165-172... 

SH RO2C 1 / C02H R = CH3, (CH2)2CH3, Lichen - Usnea sp. Ambeweiamides A and B -epidithiapiperazinediones with antineopiastic property 280... 

N. L. Rhodus, B. Cheng, S. Myers, L. Miller, V. Ho and F. Ondrey, The feasibility of monitoring NF-kappaB associated cytokines TNF-alpha, IF-1 alpha, IL-6, and IL-8 in whole saliva for the malignant transformation of oral lichen planus. Mol. Carcinog., 2005, 44(2), 77. 

Bandichhor R, Nosse B, Reiser O (2005) Paraconic Acids - The Natural Products from Lichen Symbiont. 243 43-72... 

Die Struktur der Hydroxychloride Me2(OH)3Cl scheint im wesent-lichen ebenfalls durch den lonenradius bestimmt zu werden der spezi-fische Bau der Elektronenhiille hat nur einen geringen EinfluB, er ist z.B. beim Kupfer fiir die Deformation der Schichten verantwortlich. 

Acitretin is most useful for the treatment of severe psoriasis, particularly the pustular and erythrodermic variants. Psoriatic nail changes and arthritis also may respond. Combining the drug with ultraviolet light therapy (Re-UVB, in the case of ultraviolet B radiation, or Re-PUVA, with psoralen plus ultraviolet A radiation) permits the use of lower doses of both acitretin and ultraviolet radiation. Other conditions for which the drug may be especially useful include congenital and acquired hyperkeratotic disorders, such as the ichthyoses and palmoplantar keratodermas, and severe lichen planus. 

Loppi, S., Giomarelli, B. Bargagli, R. 1999. Lichens and mosses as biomonitors of trace elements in a geothermal area (Mt. Amiata, central Italy). Cryptogamie Mycologie, 20, 119-126. 

Kelly, B. C., and F. A. P. C. Gobas, Bioaccumulation of persistent organic pollutants in lichens-caribou-wolf food chains of Canada s Central and Western Arctic , Environ. Sci. Technol., 35, 325-334 (2001). 

B-69MI31200 C. F. Culberson Chemical and Botanical Guide to Lichen Products , University... 

Fig. 3.32 Acarospora gobiensis, a Central Asian lichen that contains the novel brominated depsidones, acarogobiens A and B (2146 and 2147) (Photo T. Rezanka)...

Helena, P., Franc, B. and Cvetka, R.L. (2004) Monitoring of short-term heavy metal deposition by accumulation in epiphytic lichens (Hypogymnia physodes (L.) Nyl.). Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry, 49, 223-30. 

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