Availability Databases

Available Chemicals Directory (ACD, ACD screen) MDL 171 http //www.mdli.com 

Molecular Databank Collaborative Drug Discovery 115 http //www.collaborativedrug.com/ 

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CS4JSI/SND. The Canadian Scientific Numeric Database Service (CAN/ SND) is provided by the Canada Institute for Scientific and Technical Information (ClSTl), a division of the National Research Council of Canada. It contains 140,000 ir spectra of 96,000 compounds. Entries consist of peak locations and some intensities. This system is searchable on-line using the SPIR (Search Program for Infrared Spectra) (85). Table 9 summarizes the available databases in the area of spectra. 

Whereas Figure 1 represents worldwide data for all types of pubHcly available databases. Figure 2, showing growth in database searches, represents only a portion of those databases, ie, U.S. usage of word-oriented databases in the information center/Hbrary market. 

Databases may be viewed as a research tool for those in highly competitive fields such as science, engineering, and technology. This tool makes information available so that its user can make decisions based on comprehensive and timely data (7). A guide to commercially available databases relating to topics associated with science and technology follows. 

This book, for the most part, is a stand-alone text. It addresses not only the fundamentals of PSA as a science, but insights on the regulatory framework affecting its development and apidication. In particular, it provides the basic methods of analysis that can be employed, available databases, an excellent set of examples, software resources, chapter summaries that tacilitate comprehension, and problem sets that are very well connected to the theory. While much has been written about probabilistic safety assessment over the last three decades, this is the most comprehensive attempt so far to provide a much needed college level textbook for the education of risk and safety professionals. It also provides a valuable reference for any individual curious enough about the risk and safety sciences to want to become much more informed. 

No dose-response relationship can be established for the developmental toxicity of methyl parathion from the available database. All reliable LOAEL values in rats for developmental effects for the acute- and intermediate-duration categories are recorded in Table 3-3 and plotted in Figure 3-2. 

Ongoing remedial investigations and feasibility studies conducted at the NPL sites known to be contaminated with methyl parathion will add to the available database on exposure levels in environmental media, exposure levels in humans, and exposure registries. 

There are a number of commerciahy available database tools that support regulatory comphance and the identification of chemicals of concern based on regulatory or policy lists. 

For processing, the data on energy consumption were collected, within the trade, it was travel distance, information on cargo and storage time of various foods. All data was obtained primarily from farmers, processors and traders, absent sufficient data, it was supplemented by data from available databases, especially the Ecoinvent database. 

Reference toxicological values for HRA for the selected pollutants were obtained from ISS/ISPESL [21] and IRIS [22] databases or derived from animal in vivo studies (rat or mouse) and using appropriate safety factors while PNEC concentrations were obtained from previously selected peer-reviewed freely available databases [23] such as ECOTOX [24], ChemIDPlus advanced [25] and specific reviews. 

So to a large extent, 1-D 13C NMR interpretation is a case of matching observed singlets to predicted chemical shifts. These predictions can be made by reference to one of the commercially available databases that we ve mentioned, or it can be done the hard way - by a combination of looking up reference spectra of relevant analogues and using tables to predict the shifts of specific parts of your molecule (e.g., aromatic carbons). We have included some useful 13C shift data at the end of the chapter but it is by necessity, very limited. 

A major objective in developing these risk estimation procedures was to provide a method capable of evaluating hundreds of properties in several communities within the DOE Uranium Mill Tailings Remedial Action Program in a timely manner. Therefore, we chose a calculation scheme that could be performed using commercially available database software (dBASE II, a trademark of Ashton-Tate, Culver City, CA), but that at the same time would be flexible enough that assessments for other contaminants could be readily incorporated. 

Increasingly over recent years, data covering a wider range of species and data from nonstandard test species and systems have been published in the scientific literature. Much of these data can be found on publically available databases such as the US EPA s ECOTOX database (http //www.epa.gov/ecotox/) and a comprehensive evaluation has recently been conducted by Giddings (Giddings... 

They have extensive available database and cross-reference capability for evaluation of relevance to human situations. 

There is no publicly available database for sharing lessons learned from reactive incidents. 

Develop and implement a publicly available database for reactive hazard test information. Structure the system to encourage submission of data by individual companies and academic and government institutions that perform chemical testing. 

Only one publicly available database is designed to provide such information. The Accident Database from the Institution of Chemical Engineers (IChemE) contains lessons learned for one-fourth of the 12,000 incidents in the database. 

Develop and implement a publicly available database for reactive hazard test information. Structure the... 

The ensemble of ESTs in the available databases should cover all genes of the genome and all parts of each gene. At present, there are about 1.3 million human ESTs covering about 75,000 human mRNAs. Thus one mRNA is hit on the average by >10 ESTs, but one EST can cover only a fraction of mRNA sites (about 300 nt per about 2000 sites). 

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