Automobiles alcohol fuels

Methanol, which is also known as wood alcohol, is a colorless and odorless liquid alcohol fuel that can be made from biomass, natural gas, or coal. It is the simplest alcohol chemically and it may be used as an automobile fuel in its pure form (Ml 00), as a gasoline blend of typically 85% methane to 15% unleaded gasoline (M85). It is also used as a feedstock for reformulated gasoline. M100 or pure methanol may be used as a substitute for diesel. In M85, the gasoline is added to color the flame of burning fuel for safety reasons and to improve starting in cold weather. 

Bernhardt, W., Konig, A., Lee, W. and Menard, H., Economic Approaches to Utilize Alcohol Fuels in Automobiles, Inter. Symposium on Alcohol Fuel Technology, Wolfsburg, Germany (Nov. 1977). 

Neat methanol and ethanol fuels do not present the problem of phase separation since water is soluble in these alcohols in all proportions except at very low temperatures. Interestingly, it is not necessary to use anhydrous neat alcohol fuels in spark-ignition engines. The neat ethanol-fueled automobiles in Brazil operate with 190 proof ethanol (95 vol %), which precludes the energy-consuming step of producing anhydrous ethanol. Indeed, the addition of 10 and 20 wt % water to methanol raises its octane value to about 107 and... 

Alcohols are some of the most common organic compounds. Methyl alcohol (methanol), also known as wood alcohol, is used as an industrial solvent and as an automobile racing fuel. Ethyl alcohol (ethanol) is sometimes called grain alcohol because it is produced by the fermentation of grain or almost any other organic material. Isopropyl alcohol is the common name for 2-propanol, used as rubbing alcohol. ... 

Better resistance to many chemicals associated with the automobile industry. This covers not only commonly used automobile fuels, oils and greases, but detergents, alcohols, aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons and alkaline chemicals. 

As a constituent of synthesis gas, hydrogen is a precursor for ammonia, methanol, Oxo alcohols, and hydrocarbons from Fischer Tropsch processes. The direct use of hydrogen as a clean fuel for automobiles and buses is currently being evaluated compared to fuel cell vehicles that use hydrocarbon fuels which are converted through on-board reformers to a hydrogen-rich gas. Direct use of H2 provides greater efficiency and environmental benefits. ... 

The costs for near alcohol automobiles will be very close to the cost of a gasoline automobile. FFVs are expected to cost slightly more. The EPA estimates that with the necessary adjustments, the savings and costs will balance out. The increased costs necessary for fuel tank adjustments and to compensate for cold-start problems could be balanced out by the smaller, lighter engines that these cars can have because of their increased efficiency. 

Alternative fuels are substitute fuel sources to petroleum. These fuels are important because they replace petroleum fuels however, some still include a small amount of petroleum in the mixture. By replacing petroleum-based fuels, we will no longer need to rely on fossil fuel, which is a non-renewable resource. There are many benefits in using alternative fuels as well. The population of automobiles is currently dominated by vehicles burning gasoline, where the main alternative fuels for these types of vehicles are alcohol, liquefied petroleum gas, compressed natural gas, hydrogen and electricity. 

Not mentioned in the table is the direct use of methanol as fuel for automobiles. It is added in small amounts to gasoline, sometimes as a blend with other alcohols such as f-butyl alcohol, to increase octane ratings and lower the price of the gasoline. Experimentation is even being done on vehicles that bum pure methanol. This fuel use is usually captive but a good estimate is that it may account for almost 10% of the methanol produced. 

The predominant method of ethanol manufacture, at one time, was by fermentation of sugars this method went out of use in the 1930s. However, com fermentation is now a source of 92% of all ethanol and is used for gasohol, a 10% alcohol 90% gasoline blend used for automobile fuel. 

Formula S02 MW 64.06 CAS [7446-09-5] a major air pollutant produced when soft coals, oils, and automobile fuels bum used as a fumigating and bleaching agent colorless gas with a strong suffocating odor liquefies at -10°C solidifies at -72°C soluble in water (8.5% at 25°C), alcohol, ether, and chloroform highly toxic and a strong irritant. 

The fermentation process (Fig. 2) is in use again to produce ethyl alcohol for use in gasohol, an automobile fuel that is a simple mixture of 90% gasoline and 10% alcohol claimed to increase mileage. 

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