Automobile Engineering

Hall, D.W. and L.M. Gibbs (1976), Carburetor deposits are clean throttle bodies enough . SAE paper No. 76-0752, Automobile Engineering Meeting, Dearborn, Ml. 

Sirtori, S., P. Garibaldi and F.A. Vicenzetto (1974), Prediction of the combustion properties of gasolines from the analysis of their composition . SAE paper No. 74-1058, International Automobile Engineering and Manufacturing Meeting, Toronto, Ontario. 

M. Carpenter, S. Chillons, and R. Will, Society of Automobile Engineers (SAE) International Technical Paper Series 910103, presented at the... 

The molecular dipstick microscope is related to the AFM. It measures lubricant film thickness. The probe is lowered into the oil film on a surface (like the automobile engine crankcase dipstick). The tip is attracted to the surface by the surface tension of the film but repelled by van der Waal s forces from the hard substrate. By noting the height of the probe from the two surfaces as it makes contact, the film thickness can be measured with a precision of about 0.5 nm. 

Sohd tantalum capacitors have a high volumetric capacitance which makes them attractive for use in miniaturized electronic systems like cellular telephones, hand-held video cameras, and personal computers. The insensitivity of their capacitance to temperature and their abiUty to operate at temperature extremes explains why these devices are used in such harsh environments as automobile engine compartments. Sohd tantalum capacitors are extremely rehable and, therefore, are often the capacitor of choice in critical appHcations like spacecraft electronics, pacemakers, and safety equipment. 

Automotive Catalytic Converter Catalysts. California environmental legislation in the early 1960s stimulated the development of automobile engines with reduced emissions by the mid-1960s, led to enactment of the Federal Clean Air Act of 1970, and resulted in a new industry, the design and manufacture of the automotive catalytic converter (50). Between 1974 and 1989, exhaust hydrocarbons were reduced by 87% and nitrogen oxides by 24%. 

Substantial amounts of EPM are also used as additives to lubrication oils because of its excellent heat and shear stabiHty under the operating conditions of automobile engines. 

Engine rating reflects industrial practice. Automobile engine rating is the peak horsepower developed on a test stand, whereas industrial engine rating is usually in terms of continuous load. 

Figure 11.10. Gas sensor to monitor oxygen content of exhaust gases from automobile engines...

Nitrogen oxides are generated by both human and nonhuman action, but the major sources of NO, are high-temperature combustion processes such as those occurring in power plants and automobile engines. Natural sources of NO., include lightning, chemical processes that occur in soil, and the metabolic activities of plants. 

Automobile engine, damp out torque tor Solid metal rotor Mounted on engine shaft, very low cost... 

Power and torque are directly related. An automobile engine develops power when producing a torque on the dnvetrain. Generally, the owner of an automobile is more interested in power than torque. Flowever, technicians in the automobile industry usually evaluate the performance in terms of torque... 

Spray-aluminised coatings are used for exhaust valves in automobile engines, exhaust and silencer systems (double and triple life), tyre moulds, gas ducting, heat-treatment pots, furnace ladles, carburising boxes and fans handling hot gases. Similar applications utilise Calorised and hot-dip aluminised coatings. Hot-dip aluminised steel wire has been used in steel-cored aluminium conductors for overhead transmission lines. For some... 

Maintenance of a correct inhibitor concentration (level) is particularly important where low-level treatments, e.g. less than 100 p.p.m. are used. Such treatments are, however, usually applied (for economic and effluent reasons) in large capacity systems, and plants of this nature will usually have skilled personnel available for control purposes. In smaller closed systems, e.g. automobile engines, higher concentrations of more than approximately 0-1% are commonly used, but in these applications there is usually a good reserve of inhibitor allowed for in the recommended concentration and routine checking is of less importance. Nevertheless, since these inhibitors are often of the dangerous type, gross depletion may lead to enhanced corrosion. 

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