Automatic camera cells

Cylindrical cells are widely used in devices such as automatic cameras, toys, headphone stereos, radios, liquid crystal TVs and other portable AV... 

A third primary dry cell is the zinc-mercuric oxide cell depicted in Figure 17.7. It is commonly given the shape of a small button and is used in automatic cameras, hearing aids, digital calculators, and quartz-electric watches. This battery has an anode that is a mixture of mercury and zinc and a steel cathode in contact with solid mercury(II) oxide (HgO). The electrolyte is a 45% KOH solution that saturates an absorbent material. The anode half-reaction is the same as that in an alkaline dry cell,... 

The standard cell uses MnOj as the cathode with ammonium chloride as the electrolyte, and this cell is known as a Zn-Cl or an alkaline battery. The C-Zn batteries are not satisfactory for electrical devices, such as tape recorders and disc players, high-resolution automatic cameras, flash units, and certain toys, because they are not able to provide electrical energy needed for satisfactory and reliable operation. Because of power hmitations of C-Zn batteries, alkaline batteries are widely used by low-power devices. Typical characteristics of C-Zn and alkaline batteries are summarized in Table 1.12. 

In order to facilitate repeated aspiration, an automatic system for the process was required (4). A Braun tube was connected to the aspiratoscope through the camera, so that the operator can handle the microscope by watching the Braun tube instead of looking through the ocular of the microscope. In this automatic system, determination of the position of the capillary tip and aspiration of the cell contents can be operated with buttons on the controller (Fig. 2). There is another button on the control panel to operate a cursor, which moves on the Braun tube. A joy stick circuit ( table JS-1 ), moves the stage to eight horizontal levels at variable speeds controlled with the table speed VR 1 button. Another joy stick circuit, cursor JS-2 , moves the cursor on the Braun tube to eight horizontal levels at variable speeds controlled with cursor speed VR 2 . The capillary tube is moved vertically by the up/down switch at variable speeds controlled with capillary speed VR 3 . 

Photoelectric materials are usually semiconductors. Copper(I) oxide photoelectric cells do not generate much power, but they react rapidly to changes in light levels. This property makes them useful as light detectors, which have many applications from cameras with automatic adjustment settings to automatic door openers and burglar alarms. 

The advantage of this portable USB microscope camera is that it is fully sealed and water proof, and can be set up in a standard COj cell culture incubator for long-term experiments (1-6 days). These long experiments are best done in the incubator where the stable conditions best suit the cells. Most commercially available chamber systems offer good temperature and COj control. This is a simple, low price, automated image capture system it can be set up in any lab at low cost but with full automatic image capture capacity. 

Tensile testing is done in a home-made [1] stretching-machine. The machine performs symmetric drawing in order to maintain the position of the beam on the sample. Signals from load cell and transducer are recorded during the experiment. The macroscopic deformation is determined close to the beam position to ensure accurate comparison of the mechanical data with the nanostructure evolution. For this reason a precise method has been developed [2]. In this method a pattern of fiducial marks is stamped on the sample. The sample is monitored by a TV-camera. Using the fiducial marks the local strain s = - o)/ o is computed automatically... 

---