Autologous serum

The autologous serum samples were obtained from each patient whose tissue was applied in this study. Sera from patients with normal liver tissues were also obtained as eontrol sera. 

The cells, suspended at 106 per ml of Eagle s MEM supplemented with serine and glycine and 10% autologous serum and containing 50... 

Serum has been proposed as a source of tear replacement in severe dry eye. Autologous serum application to dry eye was reported as early as 1984. Tears contain several essential growth fectors important in regulating the proliferation and maturation process of the epithelium these same growth factors are present in serum. Improved ocular surfece staining has been reported in patients using serum diluted in saline. Tsubota et al. demonstarated the use of serum eyedrops in Sjogren... 

Eox RI, Chan R, Michelson JB, et al. Beneficial effect of artificial tears made with autologous serum in patients with keratoconjunctivitis sicca.Arthritis Rheum 1984 27 459-461. 

Fig. 1. Induction of MHC class II antigens on PMN in culture. PMN were cultivated with AIM-V, 2.5% heat-inactivated autologous serum with or without IFN-y (100 U/ml) plus GM-CSF (50 U/ml). a Surface expression of MHC class II was measured after 24 and 48 h. An antibody to CD66b (former CD67) was used to identify the PMN population isotype controls are on the left the middle panel shows PMN without cytokines, b RT-PCR products generated using MHC class Il-specific primers and PMN-derived RNA are shown. PMN had been cultured for 24 h with AIM-V/NHS (1), +IFN-7 (100 U/ml) (2), and GM-CSF (50 U/ml) (3). The left panel shows the respective RT-PCR products for P-actin. c By coirfocal laser microscopy and cytofluorometry it was seen that only a subpopulation of PMN acquired MHC class II antigens, d Induction of MHC class II antigens on PMN in whole blood. Whole blood (heparinized peripheral blood of healthy donors) was cultivated with IFN-7 (100 U/1 ml blood) for 48h then upregulation of MHC class II on PMN was measured by cytofluorometry and compared to that obtained with PMN isolated from the same donor. D1-D5 designate five individual donors.

Table 9. Culture of lymphocytes from patients with drug-induced agranulocytosis in the presence of heterologous or autologous serum and aminopyrine...

As shown in Table 9, the presence of autologous serum increases the incorporation of DNA significantly. In a large number of control cultures (Shelley and JuHLiN 1971), no stimulatory effect could be observed following stimulation of lymphocytes with autologous serum and aminopyrine. Similar experiments were extended to drug-induced thrombocytopenia, with significant results. 

At the present time, this procedure is the most satisfactory for the determination of the offending agent. The stimulatory effect of the mixture of autologous serum and antigen is likely to be the result of antigen-antibody complexes which are known to induce cell proliferation in vitro. 

Table 11. Stimulation of peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients allergic to penicillin with BPN, PPL, penicillin-HGG and penicillin-ovalbumin conjugates, either in the presence of AB or autologous serum. Incorporation of // -thymidine...

By contrast, a complete lack of stimulation resulted from challenge with penicilloyl-HGG conjugates. In all positive experiments, the addition of autologous serum the medium improved the stimulation when compared with human AB serum. An enhancing effect of autologous serum was also shown by Gimenez-Camarata et al. (1975). 

Substantial release of histamine from basophil leucocytes could be elicited by suxamethonium in the absence of serum. The addition of serum to suxamethonium during leucocyte challenge would lead to rapid metabolism. We compared the effect of autologous serum from suxamethonium-reactive individuals with homologous serum from normal individuals (Fig. 3). The presence of normal serum in a 10% concentration completely abolished the release of histamine by suxamethonium from a patient s leucocytes. The patient s own serum had an almost identical effect. In fact, this patient s serum was found to have low cholinesterase activity, which might have accounted for the small response in the lymphocyte transformation test. 

FIGURE 2. Plot of CL intensity versus time. Each vial contained PMN, luminol, and autologous serum suspended in barbital buffer, pH 7.2, to a final volume of 2.0 ml. Zymosan was added to each vial 30 seconds before the fourth cycle count. Curves a through d represent the CL responses from 10,000, 20,000, 30,000 and 40,000 PMN, respectively. 

The plot of CL intensity versus time presented in figure 6 shows the effect of varying the quantity of fresh autologous serum used as the source of complement. Zymosan, a boiled, proteolytically digested preparation of yeast cells, was used as the particle to be phagocytosed. Zymosan is well established as an activator of the alternative pathway of complement. Each vial contained an equivalent quantity of zymosan. The differences in the curves of CL therefore reflect the quantity of serum used for opsonification. 

This model is also supported by the results shown in slide 4 (Fig.2). Normal and HG-PRT deficient erythrocytes were washed and incubated with C-adenine in autologous serum. In normal cells, along with IMP and AMP, the major endproduct was hypoxanthine. In normal cells IMP and AMP were formed in considerable amounts, but in mutant cells only traces of IMP and AMP were recovered. This illustrates the importance of the salvage pathway involving HG-PRT. 

Grattan CE, Winkelmann RK, Leiferman KM. Eosinophil major basic protein in autologous serum and saUne skin tests in chronic idiopathic urticaria [letter]. Br 1 Dermatol 1997 136(1) 141-142. 

Sabroe RA, Grattan CE, Francis DM, Barr RM, Kobza Black A, Greaves MW. The autologous serum skin test a screening test for autoantibodies in chronic idiopathic urticaria. Br 1 Dermatol 1999 140(3) 446-452. 

RBC were conditioned as already described ". In most cases, 0.8 ml of packed RBC collected after the third washing were suspended in 1.2 ml of the selected experimental medium, namely autologous plasma, autologous serum, albumin buffer or Tris buffer, resulting in a 40% hematocrit. Tris buffer was used to wash the RBC to be suspended in Tris buffer, plasma or serum. RBC to be suspended in 40g/l albumin buffer were washed with PBS. The suspensions were incubated at 37°C for 10 min. Aliquots of 0.2 ml of the solutions to be tested comparatively, namely Tris buffer, 2mM or lOmM polycation, were then added to RBC suspensions. The final mixtures were further incubated at 37°C for 15 min and then centrifuged at 1910 x g for 10... 

---