Hydrogenation Australian

It is possible to produce some liquid hydrocarbons from most coals during conversion (pyrolysis and hydrogenation/ catalytic and via solvent refining)/ but the yield and hydrogen consumption required to achieve this yield can vary widely from coal to coal. The weight of data in the literature indicate that the liquid hydrocarbons are derived from the so-called reactive maceralS/ i.e. the vitrinites and exinites present (7 8 1 9). Thusf for coals of the same rank the yield of liquids during conversion would be expected to vary with the vitrinite plus exinite contents. This leads to the general question of effect of rank on the response of a vitrinite and on the yield of liquid products and/ in the context of Australian bituminous coals, where semi-fusinite is usually abundant/ of the role of this maceral in conversion. 

Experimental data published recently by Cudmore (10) for eight Australian bituminous coals, reproduced in Fig. 2, show a direct linear correlation between conversion (to gas + liquids), under non-catalytic hydrogenation conditions using Tetralin as... 

The steep dependence on hydrogen content of the tar yields obtained during the low temperature (500°C) fluidized bed carbonization of 14 Australian coals, ranging in rank from 72% to -89% (dry ash-free basis) carbon content, is clearly demonstrated in Fig. 5 (15,16). 

Figure 4. Dependence of tar yield, determined by low-temperature Gray-King carbonization assay, n atomic hydrogen-to-carbon ratio for a wide range of Australian coals. Tar yield = 50.4 X H/C — 25.9 correlation coefficient, 0.95.

Figure 5. Dependence of tar yields from low-temperature (500°C), fluidized-bed carbonization of hydrogen content for some Australian coals (15, 16)...

Figure 6. Dependence of maximum tar yields and corresponding total volatile matter yields during flash pyrolysis on atomic hydrogen-to-carbon ratio for some Australian and V.S.A. coals (O, 9), black coals (X), brown coals (A), Pittsburgh No. 8 (USA.) ( ), Montana lignite (USA).

Figure 7. Dependence of yields of hydrogenation products on the atomic hydro-gen-to-carbon ratio (a) Australian coals—noncatalytic conditions (10) (b) Canadian coals—catalytic conditions.

A project initiated by the author when with CSIRO has, as one of the objectives, the study of effect of the mineral matter in selected Australian coals during catalytic hydrogenation (13). 

The first part of this paper has shown that Australian black and brown coals differ significantly in a number of respects from coals of similar ranks from North America and elsewhere in the northern hemisphere. The rest of the paper than proceeded to indicate the progress being made to determine how the characteristics of Australian coals influence their conversion to volatile and liquid products during pyrolysis and hydrogenation. 

The distribution of products from the hydrogenation of vitrinite and inertinite separated from Australian Bayswater coal is shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 respectively. Fig. 5 shows the distribution of products from the reduction of Soya-Koishi coal by CD + H20. The product distribution shows a similar tendency to that of Yubari coal shown in Fig. 2. Thus, it indicates that the Py-2, Py-1, A, 02 can be considered as intermediate products in a consecutive coal hydrogenation reaction scheme. 

Perth Hydrogen Bus Trial. Trial and demonstrations of three hydrogen fuel cell buses. Evaluation of the potential benefits for the operation of bus services in Perth and elsewhere in Western Australia. Project partners include the Western Australian State Government, Murdoch University. BP, and Daimler-Chrysler working under a budget of 10.72 million (cash) 5 million (in kind). 

The Australian government and the University of Tasmania are constructing two large wind turbines at Mawson Base in Antarctica with the objective to supply the base s annual electricity requirements and to produce sufficient hydrogen for use as transport fuel. 

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