Australian antigen

Solberg and co-workers have applied discriminate analysis of clinical laboratory tests combined with careful clinical and anatomic diagnoses of liver disease in order to determine which combinations of the many dozen liver diagnostic tests available are the bes t ( ). These authors found that the measurement of GPT, GMT, GOT, ALP and ceruloplasmin were the most useful enzymatic tests, when combined with other non-enzymatic tests such as the measurement of bilirubin, cholesterol, hepatitis-B associated Australian antigen, etc. Another group of highly useful enzymes, not discussed in this review, are those clotting factors and the enzyme cholinesterase which are synthesized by the liver cells. 

Q fever can be prevented by immunization. Vaccine prophylaxis for Q fever has been studied and used almost since the discovery that the responsible organism could be propagated in the yolk sac of eggs. Immunization with formalin-killed C burnetii confers protection against Q fever in laboratory personnel,89 abattoir workers,90,91 and human volunteers experimentally exposed to aerosolized C burned.92 In Australian abattoir workers, the results of efficacy studies were impressive a single injection of 30 pg of vaccine antigen (Q-Vax, manufactured by CSL Ltd., Parkville, Victoria, Australia) conferred protective immunity that began 2 weeks after immunization and persisted for at least 5 years.90 Protection depends primarily on cell-mediated immunity, the presence of which may be detected by positive skin test reactions and in vitro... 

Burnat, Sir Frank Maefarlane (1899-1985) Australian virologist, who spent his working life at the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute in Melbourne. In the early 1930s he developed a method of growing influenza virus in chick embryos. He later discovered that immunological tolerance (failure of the immune response) required repeated exposure to the antigen. For this work he shared the 1960 Nobel Prize for physiology or medicine with Sir Peter Medawar. He dso proposed the clonal selection theory. 

Jose, D. G., Welch, J. S., and Doherty, R. L. (1970) Humoral and cellular immune responses to streptococci, influenza and other antigens in Australian aboriginal school children. 

Babendreier D, toiler D, Romeis J et al (2007) Bacterial community structures in honeybee intestines and their response to two insecticidal proteins. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 59 600-610 Bae S, Fleet GH, Heard GM (2006) Lactic acid bacteria associated with wine grapes from several Australian vineyards. J Appl Microbiol 100 712-727 Barak ID, Jahn CE, Gibson DL, Charkowsky AO (2007) The role of cellulose and O-antigen capsule in the colonization of plants by Salmonella enterlca. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 20 1083-1091... 

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