Australia replacement plants

Replacement of Mercury Chlor-Alkali Plants with New Membrane Plants in Australia... 

Orica Australia Pty Ltd, formerly ICI Australia, is the largest manufacturer of chlorine and caustic soda in Australia. In December 1998, the Orica Board sanctioned a project to replace two mercury cell plants with new membrane plants. The plants are due to be commissioned sequentially at the end of 2000/mid-2001 at a total capital cost of US 100 million. 

This chapter gives an overview of the chlor-alkali industry in Australia and examines the background to the decision to replace the mercury cell plants. It then describes the new plants, their technical and safety features and the process used to arrive at the selection of the technology supplier. 

A petrochemical plant in Altona, Australia, was scheduled to replace a section of 3-inch (75 mm) piping below a sphere in February, 1982. The externally corroded section of pipe was bolted in just below a single air-operated isolation valve. [6]... 

Another potential source of liquid fuel is oil squeezed from seeds (seed oil). For example, some farmers in North Dakota, South Africa, and Australia are now using sunflower oil to replace diesel fuel. Oil seeds, found in a wide variety of plants, can be processed to produce a biodiesel oil composed mainly of carbon and hydrogen, which of course reacts with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water, and heat. The main advantage of seed oil as a fuel is that it is renewable. It is hoped that oil seed plants can be developed that will thrive under soil and climatic conditions unsuitable for corn and wheat. Ideally, fuel would be grown just like food crops. 

Dairy foods have recently aroused interest as possible candidate foods for sterol emichment. The first sterol-enriched dairy food applications were Benecol yoghurt emiched with plant stanol ester, which appeared in the UK in 1999, and milk and milk-juice drinks enriched with plant sterol ester, which were launched in Argentina in 2000 under the SereCoP brand. Milk containing free sterol was launched in Australia under the Logicol brand, but was withdrawn after the Australia New Zealand Food Authority (ANZFA now replaced by Food Standards Australia New Zealand) decided to allow only spreads as carriers for plant sterols. 

---