Audit Based

What gets measured usually gets done. Safety is an intangible concept and is traditionally measured after the fact—once a loss has occurred. The SMS must be an audit-driven system that calls for ongoing measurement against the standards and quantification of the results. As Scottish scientist Lord Kelvin (1883) said, When you can measure what you are speaking about, and express it in numbers, you know something about it.  

A safety system converts safety intended actions into proactive activities and assigns responsibility and accountability for those actions—very similar to what a manager does with his subordinates. Each activity, usually included in the safety system elements, can then be scored on a 1 to 5 scale as to whether it has been achieved or not. The entire system can then be quantified by the score allocated. The safety system s effectiveness has been measured. The elements that scored less than fuU points are highlighted as areas that need improvement. 

Geller (2012) agrees that there should be more measurable items in safety rather than just injuries  

---

An important aspect of environmental, health, and safety laws and regulations is enforcement. Eederal, state, and local regulatory authorities usually have large enforcement sections. In the environmental area, compliance audits are usually conducted aimually. OSHA, both federal and state, usually audits based on a faciHty s accident/incident rate. 

How do you conduct audits based on appropriately managed risks and the nature of the product involved ... 

Similarities related to the audit-based nature of the procedures and... 

The new GCP requires that sponsors shall compile plan and operating procedures on auditing and implement auditing in conformity with the plan and the procedures, thus auditors audit not only the sponsor s in-house process but also processes at study sites. Within the sponsoring company, usually aU CRFs and study reports are subject to the audit. Study sites are selected for audit based on auditors SOP, usually based on sampling methodology. Audit certificate for each clinical trial is required to be incorporated into new drug submission dossier. 

Enlist objective professional to conduct mock audit based on biotechnology inspection guide and CPGM 7341.001. 

I was offered the opportunity to address the mine management during my visit, and a suitable seminar was arranged. The company s managing director also attended the seminar. After a short presentation and much discussion, the mine accepted the radical principles of the Five-Star Safety System, and for the first time in almost 70 years embarked on a risk-based, management-led, audit-based safety system. 

Perform the audit, based on a predetermined evaluation system. Use interviews, observations, and records reviews. 

The facility leadership team may designate persons knowledgeable about the area or process to participate in the PSSR audit based upon their current job assignment or past experience. 

INTERNATIONALLY ACCEPTED AUDIT-BASED SAFETY SYSTEMS... 

There are numerous, prominent international audit-based safety systems presently in use throughout the world. They include ... 

Is the design and conduct of a reliable and valid audit worth the effort and resources required This is, of course, a business decision. However, in order to make an informed decision, the manager would need to begin with an understanding of the reliability and validity of the particular audit. Based on our reading of the literature, simply assuming that an audit is reliable and valid is a very unsafe bet. In addition to this knowledge, it would be... 

This would chime well with a number of managers who have faced the kind of audit-based approach that BBS has slipped into in many organisations, one of whom, from a construction company using BBS , stated ... 

The first ICAO safety audit cycle was conducted between 1999 and 2004 where almost all Contracting States (except a few who could not be accessed due to adverse conditions in their territories) were audited. These audits were conducted on the basis of Annexes 1, 6 and 8 of the Chicago Convention. From January 2005, ICAO started its 6 year cycle of audits based on 16 of the 18 ICAO Annexes (all except Annex 9 and Annex 17) and by the end of April 2008 had audited 90 States. 

There is almost certainly no definitive collision research into this topic, as the STATS19 form used by the police to record injury collisions does not report on the visual acuity of a pedestrian involved in a collision, and does not record details of any tactile paving present. The Road Safety Audit is therefore more likely to be an intuitive approach in which the safety needs of each user are role played in relation to likely conflicts that could arise. The need to audit what you see rather than audit based on stereotypical or hypothetical concerns is really important here. 

---