Attachment forces

Increased contact angle and attachment force between particles and bubbles through tiny bubbles frosted on particle surfaces, and increased recovery of fine and coarse particles at reduced reagent consumption... 

The flotation of minerals is based on different attachment forces of hydrophobized and hydrophilic mineral particles to a gas bubble. Hydrophobized mineral particles adher to gas bubbles and are carried to the surface of the mineral dispersion where they form a froth layer. A mineral is hydrophobized by the adsorption of a suitable surfactant on the surface of the mineral component to be flotated. The hydrophobicity of a mineral particle depends on the degree of occupation of its surface by surfactant molecules and their polar-apolar orientation in the adsorption layer. In a number of papers the relationship was analyzed between the adsorption density of the surfactant at the mineral-water interface and the flotability. However, most interpretations of adsorption and flotation measurements concern surfactant concentrations under their CMC. 

With the consideration of extended base of contact, the attachment force for a bubble, f, can be given by... 

In the bubble formation from a horizontal surface, the bubble development and the bubble detachment are coupled. When the buoyancy of a developing bubble overcomes the bubble attachment force due to the interfacial tension, the bubble detaches from the surface and completes the process of the bubble formation. A higher flow rate of air in the low flow rate regime (e.g., 0.2-30 seem) simply increases the frequency of the bubble formation but does not change the volume of bubble [1]. 

Means of control differ substantially depending on whether attachment forces are large or small, i.e. the potential well is not deep or is absent. The modes of control of particle and bubble charges should be selected already at the stage of studying the properties of the flotation system. It is advisable to conduct experiments of flotation recovery of particles by bubbles of small and large size, for example, at Re 1 and Re 400. Clearly, opposite charges of particle... 

A chromatographic-FFF hybrid mode has been demonstrated for separating cells. Flere the attractive interaction of cells to the accumulation wall, which is normally destructive for FFF operation, is used to separate B and T lymphocytes. Although the cells have very similar sizes and densities, selectivity was achieved because the attachment force was different and this could be balanced by the lift and drag forces of the carrier fluid. 

Figure 2) (according to the physics definition, describing adhesion as the tendency for matter to cling to other matter due to intermolecular forces (81)). Possible alternative nomenclature, such as adhesion forces" or "attachment forces", for example, could be used to avoid the confusion associated with the ambiguously defined term "adhesion". 

Attached forces between the plate, free from the polymer and the plate with polymer adsorption layer determined by the number of new bonds forming between the macromolecule and the plate, free from the polymer or the number of monomer links of polymer bound with this... 

FIG. 44 Dependence between / and the attached force for adsorbed layers of polystyrene in cyclohexane at a distance less than the distance corresponding to the minimum attached force. 

The repulsive force takes place between two plates with saturated layers. An influence of the attached force on the dislribution of polymer links between soUd surfaces can be described by Eq. (226), taking into account Eq. (231) when z changes from zero to D/2. 

Ink detachment is more difficult to model than deflaking. Ink is attached to fiber with a certain adhesive force. If this attachment force is greater than the force applied by the rotor, the ink will remain attached to the fiber. Ink can also be hidden in fiber interstices, and thus not be subjected to the rotor forces. Both these factors contribute to a floor level of ink that remains following repulping. Further, ink can be redeposited onto or inside the fiber once it has been detached from the fiber surface. The latter phenomenon, called lumen loading, is a function of mixing action, which increases with ink concentration and the duration and intensity of suspension treatment. 

Anisotropic attachment Attachment force variable depending on the setal-spatula orientation with respect to the substrate, normal load, and parallel drag. 

Snails can move smoothly even on the wall and the celling, because primarily snails can hold themselves on the substratum by the attaching force generated by the combination of the molluscan ventral surface of the foot and the secreted mucus film. It is considered that this force is generated based on the adhesional effect of the viscous seaeted mucus itself and the effect of atmospheric pressure. 

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