Natriuretic peptide/factor atrial

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide, a-Atrial natriuretic peptide [85637-73-6] (ANP) (55), also known as atrial natriuretic factor (ANF), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) (56), and type C natriuretic peptide (CNP) (57) are members of the ANP family (28). These atrial peptides arise from a common 128 amino acid precursor where the active form of ANP is the 28 amino acid peptide at the C terminus. 

Natriuretic Peptide Diuretics. Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), an endogenous diuretic, natriuretic, and vasodilator, is a peptide hormone primarily synthesized and stored by atrial cardiocytes, and secreted by the atria in response to mechanical stretch of the atria. It was discovered in the cmde extracts of atria in 1981 (51). ANP is also known as anaritide [95896-08-5] atrial natriuretic factor [104595-79-1] (ANF) auriculin ... 

Cyclic GMP is made from GTP by the enzyme gua-nylyl cyclase, which exists in soluble and membrane-bound forms. Each of these isozymes has unique physiologic properties. The atriopeptins, a family of peptides produced in cardiac atrial tissues, cause natriuresis, diuresis, vasodilation, and inhibition of aldosterone secretion. These peptides (eg, atrial natriuretic factor) bind to and activate the membrane-bound form of guanylyl cyclase. This results in an increase of cGMP by as much as 50-fold in some cases, and this is thought to mediate the effects mentioned above. Other evidence links cGMP to vasodilation. A series of compounds, including nitroprusside, nitroglycerin, nitric oxide, sodium nitrite, and sodium azide, all cause smooth muscle re-... 

ANAb Anti-nuclear antibodies ANCA Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic auto antibodies cANCA Cytoplasmic ANCA pANCA Perinuclear ANCA AND Anaphylactic degranulation ANF Atrial natriuretic factor ANP Atrial natriuretic peptide Anti-I-A, Anti-I-E Antibody against class II MHC molecule encoded by I-A locus, I-E locus, anti-lg Antibody against an immunoglobulin... 

Samson, W. K., Aguila, M. C., Martinovic, J., Antunes-Rodrigues, J., and Norris, M., Hypothalamic action of atrial natriuretic factor to inhibit vasopressin secretion. Peptides 8,449-454 (1987). 

ANF Atrial natriuretic factor (also ANP atrial natriuretic peptide)... 

R. W. Lappe, R. L. Wendt (1986). Atrial natriuretic factor. Annu. Rep. Med. Chem. 21 273-281. K. Nakao, Y. Ogawa, S. Suga, H. Imura (1992). Molecular biology and biochemistry of the natriuretic peptide system. II Natriuretic peptides. J. Hypertens. 10 907. 

It is discussed in Chapter 18, Section F, and in Section 7 of this chapter. Also affecting blood pressure is the potent vasorelaxant atrial natriuretic factor. This 28-residue peptide, which is discussed in Box 22-D, is produced by the cardiac atria and stimulates the excretion of Na+ and of water by the kidneys.184 It also promotes hydrolysis of lipids within human adipocytes.185... 

Atrial natriuretic peptide (= ANP Atrial natriuretic factor ANF)] (protein) Animals ex stressed heart Activates PM GC (ANPR-A ANPR-B) - via NPR-A NPR-B (guanylyl cyclase-coupled receptors) induces plant stomatal opening inhibited by GC inhibitors LY83583 Methylene blue... 

Atrial natriuretic peptides (ANP) a hormone that is released by cardiac cells following a high blood pressure. It is involved in the control of water, sodium and adiposity. It is also known as atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) and atriopeptin. 

ATRIOPEPTIN-28 (HUMAN) CARPERITIDE HORSE ATRIAL NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE-28 HUMAN ATRIAL NATRIURETIC FACTOR (99-126) a-hmn ATRIAL NATRIURETIC HORMONE HUMAN ATRIAL NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE (1-28) (99-126) HUMAN ATRIOPEPTIN(l-28) HUMAN ATRIOPEPTIN(99-126) (99-126)-hmn PROATRIOPEPTIN SUN-4936 TRIO-PEPTIN (HUMAN a-COMPONENT)... 

Inhibition of NEP also prevents the degradation of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF), a natural hypotensive peptide. Dual inhibitors of NEP and ACE have been designed successfully because both enzymes share significant structural homology, particularly in their active sites. Simultaneous inhibition of both peptidases produces a more powerful hypoten-... 

ATRIAL NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE RECEPTOR AGONISTS include ANP itself (also called atrial natriuretic factor (ANF), or atrlopeptin), a peptide made up of 28 amino acids and is contained in secretory granules in heart atrial cells. ANP is released in response to stretch in the atria, as occurs with increased central venous pressure, thus signalling volume overload in the circulation. The peptide has an effect on the kidney leading to increased Na and water excretion, vasodilation, increased vascular permeability and modified release of a number of other hormones and neurotransmitters. There are at least three related endogenous peptides ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide),... 

Quirion R, Dalpe M, De Lean A. Gutkowska J. Cantin M, Genest J. Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) binding sites in brain and related structures. Peptides 1984 5 1167-1172. 

Two types of molecule are now known to activate membrane-bound guanylate cyclase atrial natriuretic peptide and bacterial enterotoxin. Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) is a peptide that is released from heart atrial cells in response to increased blood volume. The biological effects of ANF, that is, lowering of blood pressure... 

Ligands Atrial natriuretic factor and related peptide hormones... 

A significant study using extracts of rat cardiac atrial tissue produced copious excretion of urine, Na+ and Cl- at levels 30 times above normal on being injected into rats. The discovery of a saluretic peptide hormone thus established the heart as an endocrine gland with strong effects on water and electrolyte balance (Na+ and Cl-). Now named Atrial Natriuretic Factor (ANF), it may be useful in treating CHF patients in whom levels have been shown to be increased, yet are associated with decreased cardiac output. The normal effect of ANF infusion is to increase water, Na+, and K+ excretion and inhibit it for aldosterone and cortisone. Most of these effects do not occur in CHF patients, which may be the reason for the edema accompanying CHF. Why that is, however, remains to be seen. When the reasons become known, it may be possible to find a way around the CHF patient s inability to respond to ANF. That should solve many problems. 

NEP inactivates a series of renal and CNS-active peptides, such as substance P, bradykinin, enkephalins and atrial natriuretic factor. It has been well underlined that inhibitors of NEP should be useful in the treatment of pain because of having a large spectrum of activities similar to that of opioid analgesics. In fact, inhibitors of NEP protect the endogenous atrial natriuretic factor degradation and enhance the typical renal effects of ANF on diuresis and natriuretic response (see Figure 28). 

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