Atomization corona

The positive column is a region in which atoms, electrons, and ions are all present together in similar numbers, and it is referred to as a plasma. Again, as with the corona discharge, in mass spectrometry, plasmas are usually operated in gases at or near atmospheric pressure. 

In air, in the absence of additives, NO removal takes place by oxidation [56-58], Wu et al. [56] observed that the concentration of ozone generated in the corona discharge in the presence of NO is significantly smaller as compared to the ozone formed in air without NO under the same conditions. Thus, they concluded that NO oxidation by ozone and atomic oxygen is an important reaction path for the NO conversion. 

Zhao et al. [74] developed a kinetic model to analyze the removal of nitrogen oxides in a pulsed corona discharge in NO/N2 mixtures. They considered reactions of NO and N02 with N and O atoms and with excited N2(A3S) molecules. 

Vonnegut, Moffett, Sliney, and Doyle (V3) in general confirm the modes of atomization reported by Drozin. In their case the drops were mostly greater than 100 microns except for the smoke or fine-particle cloud condition. They also report that the smoke was obtainable only with positive polarity at high voltage and that very conductive water (resistivity less than 103 O cm) or poorly conductive materials (resistivity greater than 1013 D - cm) would not form smoke. They also report that drop formation either becomes erratic or ceases when corona ensues. 

The polymer requires compounding with normal fillers to produce useful compounds. Chlorosulfonated polyethylene (CSM) excels in resistance to attack by oxygen, ozone, corrosive chemicals, and oil, and in addition has very good electrical properties. Electrical stability and resistance to corona and arc are good. The physical properties and abrasion resistance are also good. Light-colored goods made from CSM have excellent color-fastness. Due to the presence of chlorine atoms, this elastomer shows excellent flame resistance. 

The design temperature of 600°C. was chosen by considering coal as a free radical source. Electron spin resonance studies of coals (I) indicate that a rather sharp maximum in nonspin-paired electron content occurs in coals when processed in this temperature zone—i.e., 500°-550°C. Chlorine moreover can be converted to atomic chlorine by several energy sources—corona discharge, silent electric discharge, ca. 4700 A. light, etc. 

Chlorine excitation was obtained by a corona discharge on platinum wire points at 40 kv., 2 ma., and 4-5 Me. from the tesla coil output of a vacuum system leak tester. According to Steacie (3) more than 40% atomic chlorine... 

In stellar astronomy, spectroscopic studies are indirectly revealing the structure deep down in stars where one could not see otherwise. An internal structure shows up in the emergent radiation spectrum both kinematically and through abundance anomalies. The solution of the solar corona line problem in 1942 may serve as a typical example of astrophysical applications of atomic spectroscopy [256]. 

The very light gases, atomic and molecular hydrogen, which have their origin in the water vapor in the mesosphere, are subject to vertical diffusion and are transported to the upper levels of the atmosphere, where they form the terrestrial hydrogen corona, and from where finally they escape continually into interplanetary space. 

Investigations on the doubly excited states of two electron systems under weakly coupled plasma have been performed by several authors. Such states usually occur as resonance states in electron atom collisions and are usually autoionizing [225]. Many of these states appear in solar flare and corona [226,227] and contribute significantly to the excitation cross-sections required to determine the rate coefficients for transitions between ionic states in a high temperature plasma. These are particularly important for dielectronic recombination processes which occur in low density high temperature plasma, occurring e.g. in solar corona. Coronal equilibrium is usually guided by the balance between the rates of different ionization and... 

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