Atochem

Of these producers, Atochem, Degussa, and Daicel are reported to be in the merchant acrolein business. Union Carbide suppHes only the acrolein derivative markets. Rhc ne-Poulenc also produces acrolein, primarily as a nonisolated intermediate to make methionine. A number of other small scale plants are located worldwide which also produce acrolein as an intermediate to make methionine. 

Sodium antimonate contains less antimony than either antimony trioxide or pentoxide and is thus less effective. However, its unique pH and low refractive index makes the antimonate the most desirable synergist for polymers that hydrolyze when processed with acidic additives or in polymers for which deep color tones are specified. Sodium antimonate costs approximately 3.30—4.40/kg and can be obtained from either Elf Atochem NA under the Thermoguard name or from Anzon Inc. as a Timinox product. 

Mixed Metal Antimony Synergists Worldwide scarcities of antimony have prompted manufacturers to develop synergists that contain less antimony. Other metals have been found to work in concert with antimony to form a synergist that is as effective as antimony alone. Thermoguard CPA from Elf Atochem NA, which contains zinc in addition to antimony, can be used instead of antimony oxide in flexible poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) as well as some polyolefin appHcations. The Oncor and AZ products which contain siUcon, zinc, and phosphoms from Anzon Inc. can be used in a similar manner. The mixed metal synergists are 10 to 20% less expensive than antimony trioxide. 

Atochem, France (EA) Ethyl Corp., United States (EC) Great Lakes, United States (GL) ISC Chemicals, Ltd. United Kingdom (ISC) Manac Inc., Japan (MI) Mambishi, Japan (M) Mitsui Toatsu Fiae Chemicals, Inc., Japan (MT) Nippon Chemicals Corp., Ltd., Japan (NC) Teijia, Japan (T) Tosoh, Japan (TS) Warwick International, United Kingdom (WI) CECA, SA, France (CECA). 

Uses. Silver fluoride has found many laboratory and special industrial appHcations. It is used as a soft (nHld) fluorinating agent for selective fluorination (7—17), as a cathode material in batteries (qv) (18), and as an antimicrobial agent (19). Silver fluoride is commercially available from Advance Research Chemicals, Inc., Aldrich Chemicals, Cerac Corp., Johnson/Matthey, PCR, Atochem, and other sources in the United States. The U.S. price of silver fluoride in 1993 was 1000— 1400/kg and the total U.S. consumption was less than 200 kg/yr. 

In Western Europe, the CPC producers are equally varied. The following is a partial Hst of the larger companies with total CPC production capacity (10 t) at all sites shown in parentheses Atochem SA (148.5, Prance and Spain), Hoescht AG (102.0, Germany), KaH-Chemie AG (66.0, Germany and Spain), Montefluos SpA (100.0, Italy), and ICI Chemicals and Polymers Ltd. (>113.6, United Kingdom). These producers account for over 80% of the Western European CPC production. 

Storage and Shipment. VDF or HFC-1132a is stored and shipped in gas cylinders or high pressure tube trailers without polymerization inhibitor and is placarded as flammable compressed gas. Terpenes or quinones can be added to inhibit polymerization. Elf Atochem North America, Inc. and Ausimont USA, Inc. supply VDE in the United States other producers are in Japan and Europe. 

Because of its excekent combination of properties, processibkity, and relatively low price compared to other fluoropolymers, PVDF has become the largest volume fluoropolymer after PTFE consumption in the United States has grown from zero in 1960 to about 6200 metric tons in 1991 (186). About 49% of the consumed volume is PVDF modified by copolymerization with 5—12-wt % HFP to enhance flexibkity. In 1992, Hst price for homopolymer powders was 15.32/kg, and for pekets 15.42/kg the reported market price was 14.09—14.22/kg (187). In the United States, almost ak PVDF is suppHed by Ausimont USA, Inc., Elf Atochem North America, Inc., and Solvay Polymers, Inc. Ausimont and Elf Atochem are producers Solvay is an importer of the resin. Smak amounts of resin are imported from Germany by Huls America, Inc, and from Japan by Kureha Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. PVDE producers and their trademarks are Hsted in Table 4. 

Elf Atochem North America, Inc. United States Kynar... 

Extrusion ofKjnarandKjnarFlexPolj(vinjlidene Fluoride) (PJCDF), Technical Data, Elf Atochem North America Inc., Philadelphia, Pa., Apr. 1990. 

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