Pollution, atmosphere

To these technological constraints are added an increasing preoccupation with limiting the evaporation losses that are an important source of atmospheric pollution (Me Arragher et al., 1990). 

Around 2000, the regulations should become more severe. In this area, a European limit of benzene of 3% appears very probable certain countries such as Germany are even looking at 1%. In Italy, it was decided towards the end of 1991, to limit benzene to 2.5% for leaded and unleaded fuels in the seven largest cities characterized by having heavy atmospheric pollution concurrently, in these same cities, the overall aromatic contents of gasolines should not exceed 33%. 

Allen, H. C. Brauers, T. Finlayson-Pitts, B. J. Illustrating Deviations in the Beer-Lambert Law in an Instrumental Analysis Laboratory Measuring Atmospheric Pollutants by Differential Optical Absorption Spectrometry, /. Chem. 

It is the use of LIDAR devices as tools for spectroscopic measurements on the various gases present in the atmosphere which concerns us here. These include ozone, carbon dioxide, the CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons, such as CFC-11, trichlorofluoromethane, and CFC-12, dichlorodifluoromethane, used as refrigerants) and all those molecules regarded as atmospheric pollutants. 

Both receptor and analytical air quahty models have proven to be powerful tools for understanding atmospheric pollutant dynamics and for determining the impact of sources on air quahty. 

H. A. Walter, Jr. and D. E. Flanigan, "Detection of Atmosphere Pollutants A Correlation Technique," Appl Opt. 14, (June 1975). Available from National Technical Information Service, U.S. Department of Commerce, Springfield, Va. 

Atmospheric pollutants released by combustion of fossil fuels fall into two main categories those emitted direcdy into the atmosphere as a result of combustion and the secondary pollutants that arise from the chemical and photochemical reactions of the primary pollutants (see Airpollution). 

Open Tanks These may be used to store materials that will not be harmed by water, weather, or atmospheric pollution. Otherwise, a roof, either fixed or floating, is required. Fixed roofs are usually either domed or coned. Large tanks have coned roofs with intermediate supports. Since negligible pressure is involved, snow and wind are the principal design loads. Local building codes often give required values. 

Sufficient evidence is available to indicate that atmospheric pollution in vaiying degrees does affect health adversely. [Amdur, Melvin, and Drinker, Effec t of Inhalation of Sulfur Dioxide by Man, Lancet, 2, 758 (1953) Barton, Corn, Gee, VassaUo, and Thomas, Response of Healthy Men to Inhaled Low Concentrations of Gas-Aerosol Mixtures, Arch. Lnviron. Health, 18, 681 (1969) Bates, Bell, Burnham, Hazucha, and Mantha, Problems in Studies of Human Exposure to Air Pollutants, Can. Med. A.s.soc. J., 103, 833 (1970) Ciocco and... 

Low-temperature spectroscopy is indispensable for the studies of processes on the ice surface, illustrated by ozone adsorption and ethylene ozonolysis. Such results are important to clarify the mechanism of atmospheric pollutant elimination and air purification in the nature. 

Atmospheric Pollution in Leicester—A Scientific Study, D.S.I.R. Atmospheric Research Technical Paper No. 1. H.M. Stationery Office, London, 1945. 

Under low-dose conditions, forest ecosystems act as sinks for atmospheric pollutants and in some instances as sources. As indicated in Chapter 7, the atmosphere, lithosphere, and oceans are involved in cycling carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, and other elements through each subsystem with different time scales. Under low-dose conditions, forest and other biomass systems have been utilizing chemical compounds present in the atmosphere and releasing others to the atmosphere for thousands of years. Industrialization has increased the concentrations of NO2, SO2, and CO2 in the "clean background" atmosphere, and certain types of interactions with forest systems can be defined. 

Georgii, H. W., "Atmospheric Pollutants in Forest Areas Their Deposition and Interception." Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, 1986. 

A severe episode of atmospheric pollution occurred in Donora, Pennsylvania, during the period Ocotober 25-31, 1948 (3). Twenty persons died, 17 of them within 14 hours on October 30. 

Long, P. E., and Pepper, D. W., A comparison of six numerical schemes for calculating the advection of atmospheric pollution, in "Proceedings of the Third Symposium on Atmospheric Turbulence, Diffusion and Air Quality." American Meteorological Societv, Boston, 1976, pp. 181-186. 

Put in the necessary hooding, ducting, and equipment for a solvent recovery system which will decrease the atmospheric pollution and also result in some economic solvent recovery,... 

The odor threshold for most atmospheric pollutants may be found in the literature (1). By properly applying the diffusion equations, one can calculate the height of a stack necessary to reduce the odor to less than its threshold at the ground or at a nearby structure. A safety factor of two orders of magnitude is suggested if the odorant is particularly objectionable. 

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