Atmospheric pressure chemical environmental pollutants

Isoo, K., Otsuka, K., and Terabe, S. (2001). Application of sweeping to micellar electrokinetic chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometric analysis of environmental pollutants. Electrophoresis 22, 3426-3432. 

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As an alternate ionization method to ESI, the atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) has been applied to the MEKC-MS system. In MEKC-APCTMS, an SDS micellar solution can be introduced directly into the interface without a severe decrease in MS intensity. For highly sensitive analysis of environmental pollutants, an application study of sweeping to MEKC hyphenated with MS using an APCI interface has been reported. 

Contaminant volatilization from subsurface solid and aqueous phases may lead, on the one hand, to pollution of the atmosphere and, on the other hand, to contamination (by vapor transport) of the vadose zone and groundwater. Potential volatihty of a contaminant is related to its inherent vapor pressure, but actual vaporization rates depend on the environmental conditions and other factors that control behavior of chemicals at the solid-gas-water interface. For surface deposits, the actual rate of loss, or the pro-portionahty constant relating vapor pressure to volatilization rates, depends on external conditions (such as turbulence, surface roughness, and wind speed) that affect movement away from the evaporating surface. Close to the evaporating surface, there is relatively little movement of air and the vaporized substance is transported from the surface through the stagnant air layer only by molecular diffusion. The rate of contaminant volatilization from the subsurface is a function of the equilibrium distribution between the gas, water, and solid phases, as related to vapor pressure solubility and adsorption, as well as of the rate of contaminant movement to the soil surface. 

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