Atheroma formation

Haines CJ, James AE, Panesar NS, Ngai TJ, Sahota DS, Jones RL, Chang AM (1999) The effect of percutaneous oestradiol on atheroma formation in ovariectomized cholesterol-fed rabbits. Atherosclerosis 143 369-375... 

According to our present knowledge, there are several ways to treat disorders (referred to as hypercholesterolemias or hyperlipoproteinemias) that enhance cholesterol-containing atheroma formation. The class of compounds referred to as statins dominates the treatment of these disorders. 

Tumors of pulmonary blood vessels Microvascular effect on ocular fundus and retina direct injury to endothelial cells atheroma formation... 

Choiesteroi oxygenated Atheroma formation arterial damage Atherosclerosis derivatives of cholesterol noncholesterol steroids... 

Homocysteine Increase of vascular fragility, loss of endothelium, proliferation of smooth muscle cells promotion of atheroma formation Atherosclerosis synthesis... 

THD-341 - The tricyclic diterpenold THD-341 (11), at an oral dose of 3 mg/kg or as 0.001% of the diet, lowered serum lipids in cholesterol-cholate fed rats. At a dietary level of 0.01%, THD-341 prevented aortic atheroma formation in cholesterol-fed rabbits and inhibited the progression of established lesions in rabbits fed the cholesterol diet. ... 

Atherosclerosis. A type of arteriosclerosis that is characterized by atheroma formation. It is a multifactorial process leading to the accumulation of lipids within the vessel wall, associated with mononuclear cell infiltration and smooth muscle proliferation. Autoimmune-mediated inflammation may play an important role in accelerated atherosclerosis in autoimmune rheumatic diseases. 

Other proposed mechanisms for the effects of isoflavones include the prevention of atheroma formation through their antioxidant ability, and recently, the oxidative theory of atherogenesis has provided another avenue of therapy involving antioxidants [129], According to this theory, antioxidants should protect lipoproteins against oxidative modification and reduce the biological consequences. Thus, Tikkanen et al [130] showed that the intake of soy protein containing 60 mg of isoflavones per... 

Trans fatty acids are oxidized only slowly in human cells. Their accumulation has been implicated in macular degeneration in the eye and in atheroma formation. 

Black, T.M., Wang, P, Maeda, N., and Coleman, R.A., Palm tocotrienols protect ApoE + - mice from diet-induced atheroma formation, J. Nutr. 130 (10), 2420-2426, 2000. 

A large and growing body of literature indicates that certain oxysterols, under given experimental conditions, exhibit strong pro-apoptotic properties against all types of vascular cells implicated in atheroma formation and development (Berthier et al. 2004 Pedruzzi et al. 2004 Poll et al. 2009 Vejux and Lizard 2009). 

Fewer progressing lesions (P<0.03), less new atheroma formation (P<0.03), more atherosclerosis regression (P=0.002)... 

Cardiovascular diseases have been reported as one of the major cause of deaths globally. It is characterised by atheroma formation in the arteries due to accumulation of lipids. The risk of atheroma formation increases with elevated plasma cholesterol and obesity. The ethnopharmacological use of Aloe vera to lower blood cholesterol has been reported (Mootoosamy and Mahomoodally, 2014). Kumar et al., (2013) tested the effects oiLactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Aloe vera gel on lipid profiles in rats with induced... 

The elevated levels of the lipoprotein (LDL) and (VLDL) are usually associated with atheroma formation. Therefore, defects in cholesterol metabolism are a major cause of cardiovascular disease, this is apparent in p>atients with familial hypercholesterolemia, characterized by grossly elevated levels of serum cholesterol, in particular LDL. Reduction of plasma LDL-... 

While, the fact that the cholesterol content of beta-lipopro-tein is as high as 40%, is in itself significant, the very cause of atheroma formation lies in the stagnation of lipoproteins in the subendothelial layer, particularly due to the difficulty for beta-lipoprotein and pre-beta-lipoprotein to further penetrate downwards through the internal elastic lamina. 

Saturated FAs cause an increase in LDL and cholesterol. Although cholesterol is important as a precursor to bile formation, it is also involved in atheroma formation. Cholesterol can be lowered by raising the intake of polyunsaturated FAs, however they should be taken with antioxidant nutrients to prevent FA peroxidation. 

The lipid infiltration hypothesis proposes that elevated LDL levels increase LDL infiltration which, in turn, increases uptake of epithelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. This cascade leads to cholesterol accumulation and, eventually, atheroma formation. The endothelial injury may arise from the action of oxidized lipid. 

Johnston, T.P., 2010. Poloxamer 407 as a general lipase inhibitor its implications in lipid metabolism and atheroma formation in C57BL/6 mice. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 62 (12), 1807— 1812. http //www.ncbi.nhn.nih.gOv/pubmed/21054409 (accessed 04.03.16.). 

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