Asking important questions

This text provides a guided way of asking important questions, pointing out salient features of rational drug therapy and stimulating deeper thinking through a variety of exercises. 

Clinical trials should be designed, conducted, and analyzed according to sound scientific principles to achieve their objectives and should be reported appropriately. The essence of rational drug development is to ask important questions and answer them with appropriate studies. The primary objectives of any study should be clear and explicitly stated. 

The essence of rational drug development is to ask important questions and answer them with appropriate studies. (ICH Guidance E8, 1997)... 

In discussing ways to standardize a method, we assumed that an appropriate reagent blank had been used to correct S eas for signals originating from sources other than the analyte. At that time we did not ask an important question— What constitutes an appropriate reagent blank Surprisingly, the answer is not intuitively obvious. 

Once an engineering design has been identified (that will meet the performance specifications) it is necessary to ask a very important question, Can and should the device or system be made In general, this question can be divided into three corollary questions [73] ... 

It is often important to be able to extend our present notion of conditional probability to the case where the conditioning event has probability zero. An example of such a situation arises when we observe a time function X and ask the question, given that the value of X at some instant is x, what is the probability that the value of X r seconds in the future will be in the interval [a,6] As long as the first order probability density of X does not have a Dirac delta function at point x, P X(t) = x = 0 and our present definition of conditional probability is inapplicable. (The reader should verify that the definition, Eq. (3-159), reduces to the indeterminate form in this case.)... 

Some of the most important questions one can ask in the study of kinetics concern the rates of reactions of the intermediates. In some cases, values can be obtained by direct experiments. For example, one might generate the intermediate by an independent method capable of producing it much more rapidly than it reacts. Then it can be examined in its own right. Chapter 11 presents methods for doing so, such as flash photolysis and pulse radiolysis. 

Many questions should be asked before deciding on a particular e-clinical software package. Table 25.3 lists some of the general questions. A live demo of the software gives the audience the best opportunity to ask specific questions about issues that are important to them. 

This raises two fundamentally important questions. First, the importance of substituting existing feedstocks and resources by those whose extraction, processing, use and disposal present less of a threat to the environment. Such transmateriahzation is usually associated with the use of renewable feedstocks. The second, more profound, question asks where waste comes from and why it cannot be eliminated altogether. 

In view of the opening discussion of the two second laws of thermodynamics, in analyzing all theories, phenomenological and otherwise, it is important to ask two questions ... 

D. W. Deamer from the State University of California at Santa Cruz (1998) asks two important questions on the problem of the origin of the first cellular structures these questions must be answered if we want to understand life s beginnings ... 

On the other hand, PCA and PLS are both known to perform better than MLR when the data is noisy because of the inherent averaging that they include. In this we agree fully indeed, we also mentioned this characteristic in Chapter 27, as well as in the original column. Richard Kramer hit the nail on the head with his question In what ways... The important question, then, that needs to be asked (and answered) is, at what point does one phenomenon or the other become dominant, so as to control or determine which algorithm will provide a better model The next important question is, how can we tell which phenomenon is dominant in any particular case ... 

Problem solvers do not always understand the importance of data to analysis efforts and are therefore poor at the identification, collection and use of failure data. Data is definitely the key to successful analysis. With every piece of data obtained, the analysts should be asking themselves questions relative to what the evidence is providing. For... 

The temperature dependence of the initial ET in RCs raises the interesting and important issue. Considering the fact that the initial ET in RCs takes place in the 1- to 4-ps range, one can ask the question as to whether or not one can use... 

Perhaps, the most important question one can ask about fragment-based discovery is will it lead to the efficient identification of drugs Although it is currently too early to answer this directly, it is now possible to assess if there are... 

At this point it is important to ask the question where these volume changes really come from. We have always argued that the major... 

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