As therapeutic agents

Melatonin [73-31-4] C 2H N202 (31) has marked effects on circadian rhythm (11). Novel ligands for melatonin receptors such as (32) (12), C2yH2gN202, have affinities in the range of 10 Af, and have potential use as therapeutic agents in the treatment of the sleep disorders associated with jet lag. Such agents may also be usehil in the treatment of seasonal affective disorder (SAD), the depression associated with the winter months. Histamine (see Histamine and histamine antagonists), adenosine (see Nucleic acids), and neuropeptides such as corticotropin-like intermediate lobe peptide (CLIP) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) have also been reported to have sedative—hypnotic activities (7). 

Compounds of antimony have been used as therapeutic agents for thousands of years (200). There is evidence that the ancient Egyptians used a... 

Treatment for chronic benzene poisoning is supportive and symptomatic, with chemotherapy and bone marrow transplants as therapeutic agents for leukemia and aplastic anemia (127). 

Potential Uses of SH. Although not commercial as yet, an interesting potential use of borane compounds as therapeutic agents for... 

The fact that ceU culture-derived products are often injected into humans as therapeutic agents makes it imperative that there be no component in the final product that can pose a potential health risk to the patient. Health risks can be introduced into a product from many sources including the ceUs themselves raw materials, such as semm, media components, etc materials used in purification, eg, antibodies and external contamination. Eor a therapeutic product such risk factors are identified at the outset and ways of reducing them to acceptable levels are designed into the process. Before a product is released by the EDA the manufacturer has to demonstrate this risk reduction by rigorous validation of the process. 

Now that we have provided you with an overview of the history of penicillin production, we will examine some more details of the biotransformation of -lactams. We will briefly outline the normal biosynthesis pathways that lead to their production and then consider how these products may be diversified in vitro to give a wider range of valuable compounds. We begin by briefly explaining how the fi-lactam antibiotics are effective as therapeutic agents. 

Botulinum neurotoxins are widely used as therapeutic agents to cause reduction or paralysis of skeletal muscle contraction. They are used to treat cervical dystonia, which causes regional involuntary muscle spasms often associated with pain. Moreover, they are used in strabism, blepharospasm, hemifacial spasm, and... 

In addition to antibodies targeting the CD3 subunit of the TCR complex, antibodies against the a and (3 subunits of the TCR have been tested as therapeutic agents. A benefit for the treatment experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis or collagen induced arthritis could be shown in animal models [8]. 

Levitzki A (2000) Protein Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors as Therapeutic Agents. 211 1-15 Li G, Gouzy M-F, Fuhrhop J-H (2002) Recognition Processes with Amphiphilic Carbohydrates in Water. 218 133-158 Li X, see Paldus J (1999) 203 1-20... 

Mechoulam R The pharmacohistory of cannabis sativa, in Cannabinoids as Therapeutic Agents. Edited by Mechoulam R. Boca Raton, EL, CRC Press, 1986,... 

The development of peptides and proteins as therapeutic agents has been greatly accelerated by advances in the fields of biotechnology. 

Cholera toxin and related toxins act as immune modulators, with potential use as adjuvants and as therapeutic agents in the treatment of immunologically mediated human disease. 

Grcenwald, R.A. (1990). SOD and catalase as therapeutic agents for human diseases a critical review. Free Rad. Biol. Med. 8, 201-209. 

Formazans and their metal complexes are used as textile dyes by direct application. The in situ reduction of tetrazolium salts has not been used to introduce the dyes to their substrates. Treatment with triaryl mono and bis tetrazolium salts followed by a reducing agent such as ascorbic acid or thioglycolic acid has been claimed as a method of introducing formazans as permanent hair dyes.641 There are some references to their use as therapeutic agents.642 544... 

Johnson MR, Melvin LS, The discovery of nonclassical cannabinoid analgesics. In Mechoulam C, ed. Cannabinoids as Therapeutic Agents. Boca Raton, FL CRC Press, 1986 121-145. 

Geiger JD, Parkinson FE, Kowaluk EA. Regulators of endogenous adenosine levels as therapeutic agents. In Jacobson KA, Jarvis MF, eds. Purinergic Approaches in Experimental Therapeutics. New York Wiley-... 

Levitzki A (2000) Protein Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors as Therapeutic Agents. 211 1-15... 

Hydroxamic acids constitute an important class of siderophores, which play a major role in iron solubilization and transport. Some of them are important as therapeutic agents. The Michael addition of nitroacetyl proline esters to allyl acrylate followed by Pd(0)-catalyzed intramolecular allyl transfer and subsequent reduction of the nitro group yields a novel class of cyclic hydroxamic acids related to pyroglutamic acid (Scheme 5.9).85... 

Segal M (1986). Cannabinoids and analgesia. In R Mechoulam (ed.), Cannabinoids as Therapeutic Agents (pp. 105-120). CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL. 

Otherwise there are sporadic references to bioactive compounds with potential value as therapeutic agents, but any systematic study of the latter property appears in most cases to be lacking and certain other individual compounds have been noted as having possible uses, for example, as photosensitisers (compound 145), photochromic materials (compound 63), or as chemiluminescent agents (compound 360). 

PLATINUM COMPLEXES AS THERAPEUTIC AGENTS 9.18.2.1 Clinically Used Anticancer Agents. CA-platinum Compounds... 

The problems of high lipophilicity and subsequent low bioavailability of the perylenequinones have been approached by altering their formulations [23]. Another limitation to the use of perylenequinones as therapeutic agents is the poor extinction coefficient in the longer wavelength of light (650-800 nm) that is needed to penetrate deep tissue. Many derivatives of hypocrellin have been... 

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