Arsenic, Antimony, Bismuth

arsine SbH3,stibine BiH3, bismutbine 

Zinti poiyanions Na2L4]Bi4 Na3L4]Sl)7 Na3L ]Asii, 

AS4S4 - in str. and gas, anal, of S4N4 (but S and E at. exchanged their places AS4 - tetrah. 

Turova, Inorganic Chemistry in Tables, DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-20487-6 15, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011 

K2[Sb2(C4H206)2l 3H2O, tartaric emetic., cr. colrl., readily sol. in H2O, ex. as 2 optical isomers, [ Sb04]-disphe-noid 

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The less common heteroatoms are those other than nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur (arid selenium and tellurium which are treated alongside sulfur), i.e. phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, bismuth, the halogens, silicon, germanium, tin, lead, boron and the transition metals. 

The effect of a particular element on the odour of its compound seems also to lend support to the residual affinity theory, for it is only the elements which possess residual affinity in certain of their compounds, which function as osmophores. Oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur, phosphorous, halogens, arsenic, antimony, bismuth, etc., whose valencies vary under certain conditions are powerfully osmophoric whereas carbon, hydrogen, and many others which have a constant valency are practically non-osmophoric, and it is very instructive to note that the element is osmophoric when it is not employing its full number of valencies and therefore has free affinity. 

The in-V compounds combine the elements of Group HI (aluminum, gallium, indium) with those of Group V (phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, bismuth). As can be imagined, a wide variety of compounds can be produced which, in addition to the binary materials, also include ternary and even quaternary materials. 

Native elements, metals, semimetals, nonmetals Gold, silver, copper, arsenic, antimony, bismuth, copper, sulfur... 

V. H. Aprahamian and D. G. Demopoulos, The Solution Chemistry and Solvent Extraction Behaviour of copper, iron, nickel, zinc, lead, tin, Ag, arsenic, antimony, bismuth, selenium and tellurium in Acid Chloride Solutions Reviewed from the Standpoint of PGM Refining, Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review, Vol. 14, p. 143,1995. 

Arsenic, Antimony, Bismuth, Selenium, Tellurium, Tin, Lead, and Germanium... 

Radiation is derived from a sealed quartz tube containing a few milligrams of an element or a volatile compound and neon or argon at low pressure. The discharge is produced by a microwave source via a waveguide cavity or using RF induction. The emission spectrum of the element concerned contains only the most prominent resonance lines and with intensities up to one hundred times those derived from a hollow-cathode lamp. However, the reliability of such sources has been questioned and the only ones which are currently considered successful are those for arsenic, antimony, bismuth, selenium and tellurium using RF excitation. Fortunately, these are the elements for which hollow-cathode lamps are the least successful. 

This technique has been applied to the determination of arsenic, selenium, organocompounds of arsenic, mercury and tin in soils, carbohydrates, total sulphur, arsenic, antimony, bismuth, selenium and organocompounds of mercury, tin and silicon in non-saline sediments, arsenic, bismuth, selenium or organotin compounds in saline sediments and arsenic and selenium in sludges. 

Although lead is not one of the most common metals on Earth, it is one of the best known. The metallic forms of lead, mercury, arsenic, antimony, bismuth, and zinc were not known as separate elements in ancient times until methods were developed to analyze these ores and their metals. The widespread knowledge of lead is attributed to the ancient Romans, who developed many practical uses for this heavy metal. Lead-lined pipes were used by the ancient Romans to bring water from their famous aqueducts to their homes. In addition, most of the population of Rome cooked their food in pots and pans made of lead and lead alloys. Because... 

At the beginning of the seventeenth century, 13 elements were known. Nine—carbon, sulfur, iron, copper, silver, gold, tin, lead, and mercury—had been discovered in ancient times. Four more—arsenic, antimony, bismuth, and zinc—were discovered between around 1250 and 1500. It is not by chance that 11 of the 13 are metals. Some of them have relatively low melting points and were undoubtedly first produced when fires were laid on surface ores. Fires built by preliterate peoples in modern times have often produced small quantities of metals. A rich vein of silver was discovered in this manner by an Indian sheepherder in seventeenth-century Peru who built a fire at nightfall and found the next morning that the stone under the ashes was covered with silver. 

Hydrogen sulfide forms precipitates of several metal sulfides when passed through an aqueous solution of metal salts. Under acid conditions, several metals including arsenic, antimony, bismuth, cadmium, copper, lead, mercury, and tin are precipitated as their sulfide e.g. ... 

M. Grotti, C. Lagomarsino and R. Frache, Multivariate study in chemical vapor generation for simultaneous determination of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, germanium, tin, selenium, tellurium and mercury by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 20(12), 2005, 1365-1373. 

Impubities.—rhosphorus is rarely adulterated, and the only impurities contained in it are those derived from the acid used in its preparation. Dumas considers flexibility as a characteristic of good phosphorus. Occasionally arsenic, antimony, bismuth, and some other metals have boon found in it. If the acid used contained arsenioua acid, or an oxide of antimony, these are reduced in the process of manufacture of phosphorus, and are found in it in the metallic state. A solution of phosphorus in dilute nitrio acid should give no precipitate with sulphide of hydrogen, and the precipitate procured by a barytic salt should be entirely soluble in excess of nitric acid, proving the absence of sulphur. If arsenic is present, the solution in nitrio acid deposits a black precipitate of metallic arsenic when submitted to evaporation. 

Preparation of Tin.—The reduction uf the ora is effected by roasting and smelting, in a manner similar to that which will he described further on, and the button so obtained is then treated in the following manner, to separate the metel from the arsenic, antimony, bismuth, zinc, lead, iron, and copper, one or more of which it may contain or ordinary commercial tin may be taken for this purpose. 

Time factors and reagent parameters are the same for As, Sb, Bi, Te, Ge, and Sn when using the modified Perkin-Elmer high sensitivity arsenic-selenium sampling system. The sodium borohydride reduction can be used for arsenic, antimony, bismuth, and tellurium as well. 

Property Nitrogen Phosphorus Arsenic Antimony Bismuth... 

Jung, W., Knitzschke, G. and Gerlach, R. (1974) Zu den Schadstoffkomponenten Arsen, Antimon, Wismut, Tellur und Quecksilber im Kupferschiefer des Sudostharzvorlands (The toxic compounds in the Kupferschiefer of the southeastern Harz forelands arsenic, antimony, bismuth, tellurium, and mercury). Zeitschrift ftir Angewandte Geologie, 20(5), 205-11. 

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