Arrhythmia anxiety with

Untoward effects of both E and NE (usually to a lesser degree) are anxiety, headache, cerebral hemorrhage (from vasopressor effects), cardiac arrhythmias, especially in presence of digitaUs and certain anesthetic agents, and pulmonary edema as a result of pulmonary hypertension. The minimum subcutaneous lethal dose of E is about 4 mg, but recoveries have occurred after accidental overdosage with 16 mg subcutaneously and 30 mg intravenously, followed by immediate supportive treatment. 

Adverse reactions observed with the administration of terbutaline include nervousness, restlessness, tremor, headache, anxiety, hypertension, hypokalemia (low serum potassium), arrhythmias, and palpitations. A serious, but rare, adverse reaction is pulmonary edema... 

While epinephrine is usually well tolerated in young and healthy individuals, there may be problems in elderly patients with cardiac arrhythmia or previous myocardial infarction episodes [31-33]. Pharmacological effects of epinephrine include rapid rise in blood pressure, pallor, anxiety, tachycardia, headache and tremor as well as vertigo. Most commonly these effects occur after intravenous injection or after overdosing epinephrine. Cardiac arrhythmia or pulmonary edema may develop in serious cases [33, 34]. 

Severe, acute respiratory acidosis produces a variety of neurologic abnormalities. Initially these include headache, blurred vision, restlessness, and anxiety. These may progress to tremors, asterixis, somnolence, and/or delirium. If untreated, terminal manifestations include peripheral vasodilation leading to hypotension and cardiac arrhythmias. Chronic respiratory acidosis is typically associated with cor pulmonale and peripheral edema. 

Ideal candidates for /1-blockers include patients in whom physical activity is a prominent cause of attacks those with coexisting hypertension, supraventricular arrhythmias, or postmyocardial infarction angina and those with anxiety associated with anginal episodes. /1-Blockers may be used safely in angina and heart failure. 

Physiologic effects include CNS depression, headache, nausea, anxiety, hallucinations, and delusions. With chronic use, the drugs are toxic to virtually all organ systems. Death may occur from arrhythmias or suffocation by plastic bags. 

Anxiety Disorder Due to a General Medical Condition with Panic Attacks. Many medical illnesses are associated with anxiety and even recurrent panic attacks. These include endocrine disorders, such as hyperthyroidism, hyperparathyroidism, hypoglycemia, and pheochromocytomas, inner ear (vestibular) dysfunction, seizure disorders, and cardiac (heart) disorders such as supraventricular tachycardia, mitral valve prolapse, and various arrhythmias, and carcinoid. A general physical examination, routine laboratory studies including electrolytes and... 

Use with caution in older patients with Cardiovascular disease, especially angina, arrhythmias, or CHF Parkinsonism, Essential Tremor, Hyperthyroidism, Anxiety... 

Restlessness, anxiety, tremor, headache. Both adrenaline and noradrenaline cause sudden increase in blood pressure, precipitating sub-arachnoid haemorrhage and occasionally hemiplegia, and ventricular arrhythmias. May produce anginal pain in patients with ischemic heart disease. 

Theophylline should be used only where methods to measure theophylline blood levels are available because it has a narrow therapeutic window, and its therapeutic and toxic effects are related to its blood level. Improvement in pulmonary function is correlated with plasma concentrations in the range of 5-20 mg/L. Anorexia, nausea, vomiting, abdominal discomfort, headache, and anxiety occur at concentrations of 15 mg/L in some patients and become common at concentrations greater than 20 mg/L. Higher levels (more than 40 mg/L) may cause seizures or arrhythmias these may not be preceded by gastrointestinal or neurologic warning symptoms. 

Because of the general ability of many of the drugs previously described to produce CNS excitation, some of the primary side effects are nervousness, restlessness, and anxiety. Because these agents also tend to stimulate the cardiovascular system, prolonged or excessive use may also lead to complications such as hypertension, arrhythmias, and even cardiac arrest. When used to treat bronchospasm, prolonged administration via inhalation may also cause some degree of bronchial irritation with some agents. 

Central nervous system toxicity is rarely observed with catecholamines or drugs such as phenylephrine. In moderate doses, amphetamines commonly cause restlessness, tremor, insomnia, and anxiety in high doses, a paranoid state may be induced. Cocaine may precipitate convulsions, cerebral hemorrhage, arrhythmias, or myocardial infarction. Therapy is discussed in Chapter 59 Management of the Poisoned Patient. 

Clonidine, an antihypertensive drug, also has been used in the treatment of mania. Sudden withdrawal can produce a rebound hypertensive crisis. Consistent with the brain-disabling principles, it can produce a variety of psychiatric symptoms, including sedation, vivid dreams or nightmares, insomnia, restlessness, anxiety, and depression. More rarely, it can cause hallucinations. Unfortunately, this drug is too commonly used as a so-called mood stabilizer in children. When mistakenly prescribed with stimulants, it causes an elevated risk of cardiac arrhythmia and cardiac arrest in children. 

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