ARPANet

During the early 1970s, the necessary telecommunications technology became available with packet switching. ARPANet, the first operational packet-switched digital communications network, was implemented by the U.S. Department of Defense. Commercial systems (eg. Telenet, TYMNET, and GENet) became available shortiy thereafter. 

Intergovernmental agency cooperation at that time was such that it was not politically possible to implement a logical follow-on phase, namely to have the ARPANet provide the framework for computer resource sharing to support researchers who were major computer users and who were doing research in engineering and in the sciences. We know. We tried. In 1973. ... 

Froehlich, R, and Kent, A. (1991). ARPANET, the Defense Data Network, and Internet. In Encyclopedia of Communications (New York Marcel Dekker). 

Computer networking started in the United States in the late 1960s. Through the rapid development of computing and telecommunications, in 1969 the ARPANet program was launched. 

The experimental TCP/IP-based ARPANet, which in its early years carried both research and military traffic, was later split into the Internet, for academic purposes, and the MILNet, for military purposes. The Internet grew continuously and exponentially, extending step by step aU over the world. Early in the 1990s, the Internet Society (see www.isoc.org) was established, and it has served since then as the driving force in the evolution of the Internet, especially in the technological development and standardization processes. 

Salus, P. H. (1995), Casting the Net From ARPANET to INTERNET and Beyond. . . , Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA. 

The TiS is available by telephone dialup at 300/1200 bps frpni cbmmeifcial and FTS telephone lines, the WATS toll-friee service, ARPANET, and shortly also via TY1KNET/ TE NCT, which connect to international communication netWprics,... 

In 1971, Ray Tomlinson sent the first e-mail over ARPANET, demonstrating that it was possible to exchange e-mail between different computer systems. 

In 1969, the Advanced Research Projects Agency (now the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency) of the U.S. Department of Defense proposed a method to fink together the computers at several universities to share computational data via networks. This network became known as ARPANET, which was the precursor of the Internet. As a result, electronic mail (e-mail) was developed, along with protocols for sending information over phone lines in packets. The protocols for the transmission of these packets of data came to be known as Transmission Control... 

This network became known as ARPANET. In the I980 s the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) implemented its Open Systems Interconnection—Reference Model (OSI—RM) to facilitate the interoperability of different hardware components. The creation in the I990 s of new software and programming languages, such as browsers and HTML, made the explosive growth of Internet activity and Web sites possible. 

A program initiated in 1969 to link computers for improved information sharing and research resulted in the creation of the ARPANET, the forerunner of the Internet. 

ARPANET launches The Advanced Research Projects Agency starts ARPANET, which is the precursor to the Internet. UCLA and Stanford University are the first institutions to become networked. 

Network Control Protocol The Network Working Group deploys the initial ARPANET host-to-host protocol, called the Network Control Protocol (NCP), establishing connections, break connections, switch connections, and control flow over the ARPANET. 

USENET (Tom Truscott, Jim EUis and Steve Belovin) Truscott, Ellis, and Belovin create USENET, a poor man s ARPANET, to share information via e-mail and message boards between Duke University and the University of North Carolina, using dial-up telephone lines. 

Internet ARPANET, and networks attached to it, adopt the TCP/IP networking protocol. All networks that use the protocol are known as the Internet. 

ARPANET Advanced Research Projects Agency Network... 

The feasibility of cyber warfare attacks and their potential impact on critical national infrastructure has increased enormously in recent years due to the increased dependence on the Internet, which, since its evolution from the ARPANET has revolutionised global communications, leading to widespread use for personal communications as well as e-commerce, banking, and use in other business and industrial operations. 

File Transfer Protocol is one of the oldest Internet applications and is still widely used. First implemented for the ARPANET, the FTP was designed to transfer/copy files from one host to the other over the Internet. FTP first es-... 

The Internet is a network of computer networks based on the TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) protocols. Starting as the U.S. Department of Defense s ARPAnet circa 1970, it has grown to be an almost wholly privatized, global resource connecting more than 11,000 networks with 2 million host machines and 20-25 million computer users in more than 90 countries. It is estimated that Internet traffic has been growing at about 15% per month recently. In the U.S., one-third of all business mail in the last 5 years traveled over telephone wires, including both elearonic mail and facsimile. 

Formation of ARPANET working group (ARPA = Advanced Research Project Agency) ... 

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