Aromatic phosphorus acid esters

Plasticizers include the esters of a few aliphatic and aromatic mono and dicarboxylic acids, aliphatic and aromatic phosphorus acid esters, ethers, alcohols, ketones, amines, amides, and non-polar and chlorinated hydrocarbons. These additives are used in various mixtures. For their separation and qualitative detection, thin-layer chromatography (TLC) is preferred. Usually Kieselgur plates, 0.25 mm thick, activated at 110°C for 30 min, in the saturated vapor are used. Methylene chloride and mixtures of diisopropyl ether/petether at temperatures between 40 to 60°C have been successfully used as the mobile phase. Refer to Table 1. 

Within the last two decades, a number of chemical structures have been proposed as metal deactivators for polyolefins. These include carboxylic acid amides of aromatic mono- and di-carboxylic acids and N-substituted derivatives such as N,N -diphenyloxamide, cyclic amides such as barbituric acid, hydrazones and bishydrazones of aromatic aldehydes such as benzaldehyde and salicylaldehyde or of o-hydroxy-arylketones, hydrazides of aliphatic and aromatic mono- and di-carboxylic acids as well as N-acylated derivatives thereof, bisacylated hydrazine derivatives, polyhydrazides, and phosphorus acid ester of a thiobisphenol. An index of trade names and suppliers of a few commercial metal deactivators is given in Appendix A4. 

Synthesis of Phosphoric Acids and Their Derivatives. - A series of monoalkyl and dialkyl phosphorus acid chiral esters have been synthesised for use as carriers for the transport of aromatic amino acids through supported liquid membranes. The compounds acted as effective carriers but enantio-separation was at best moderate. A range of phosphono- and phosphoro-fluoridates have been prepared by treatment of the corresponding thio- or seleno- phosphorus acids with aqueous silver fluoride at room temperature (Scheme 1). In some cases oxidation rather than fluorination occurred. Stereospecifically deuterium-labelled allylic isoprenoid diphosphates, e.g. (1), have been synthesised from the corresponding deuterium-labelled aldehyde by asymmetric reduction, phosphorylation and Sn2 displacement with pyrophosphate (Scheme 2). ... 

Synonyms Cresyl phosphate Phosphoric acid, tris (methylphenyl) ester Phosphoric acid, tritolyl ester TCP Tricresyl phosphate, with > 3% ortho isomer Tris (methylphenyl) phosphate Tris (tolyloxy) phosphine oxide Tritolyl phosphate Classification Aromatic phosphorus compd. 

Sulfinic esters, aromatic, by oxidation of disulfides in alcohols, 46, 64 Sulfonation ot d,l camphor to d,l-10-camphorsulfomc acid, 45,12 Sulfoxides, table of examples of preparation from sulfides with sodium metapenodate, 46,79 Sulfur dioxide, reaction with styrene phosphorus pentachlonde to give styrylphosphomc diclilonde, 46,... 

In the Diels-Alder reaction with inverse electron demand, the overlap of the LUMO of the 1-oxa-l,3-butadiene with the HOMO of the dienophile is dominant. Since the electron-withdrawing group at the oxabutadiene at the 3-position lowers its LUMO dramatically, the cycloaddition as well as the condensation usually take place at room or slightly elevated temperature. There is actually no restriction for the aldehydes. Thus, aromatic, heteroaromatic, saturated aliphatic and unsaturated aliphatic aldehydes may be used. For example, a-oxocarbocylic esters or 1,2-dike-tones for instance have been employed as ketones. Furthermore, 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds cyclic and acyclic substances such as Meldmm s acid, barbituric acid and derivates, coumarins, any type of cycloalkane-1,3-dione, (1-ketoesters, and 1,3-diones as well as their phosphorus, nitrogen and sulfur analogues, can also be ap-... 

General methods for the preparation of acid halides from aliphatic carboxylic acids are described in Section 5.12.1, p. 692. Phosphorus pentachloride is the preferred chlorinating agent for aromatic acids which contain electron-withdrawing substituents, and which do not react readily with thionyl chloride. The preparation of both p-nitrobenzoyl chloride and 3,5-dinitrobenzoyl chloride is described in Expt 6.161. These particular acid chlorides are valuable reagents for the characterisation of aliphatic alcohols and simple phenols, with which they form crystalline esters (see Section 9.6.4, p. 1241 and Section 9.6.6, p. 1248). 

Melphalan and the racemic analog have been prepared by two general routes (Scheme I). In Approach (A) the amino acid function is protected, and the nitrogen mustard moiety is prepared by conventional methods from aromatic nitro-derivatives. Thus, the ethyl ester of N-phthaloyl-phenylalanine was nitrated and reduced catalytically to amine I. Compound I was reacted with ethylene oxide to form the corresponding bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino derivative II, which was then treated with phosphorus oxychloride or thionyl chloride. The blocking groups were removed by acidic hydrolysis. Melphalan was precipitated by addition of sodium acetate and was recrystallized from methanol. No racemization was detected [10,28—30]. The hydrochloride was obtained in pure form from the final hydrolysis mixture by partial neutralization to pH 0.5 [31]. Variants of this approach, used for the preparation of the racemic compound, followed the same route via the a-acylamino-a-p-aminobenzyl malonic ester III [10,28—30,32,33] or the hydantoin IV [12]. 

A one-pot synthesis of 3,5-disubstituted 7-hydroxy-3//-l,2,3-triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidines (130) has been carried out by using benzyl azide, cyano-acetamide, ethyl or methyl esters of the appropriate carboxylic acid, and sodium ethoxide as catalyst. The reaction proceeds via a 5-amino-l-benzyltriazole-4-carboxamide intermediate (85JHC1607). 7-Amino-3H-l,2,3-triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidines 133 (R2 = H) were prepared starting from benzyl azide, malononitrile, and an aliphatic or aromatic nitrile, or by reaction of 130 with phosphorus oxychloride followed by amination. Compound 132 was formed in most reactions from two molecules of the 5-amino-4-cyano-l-benzyltriazole intermediate by an intermolecular nucleophilic at-... 

Other phosphorus compounds, e.g. PBrs, mixtures of PBrs and Br or PCI3/CI2 and phenyltetra-chlorophosphorane (PhPCU) have been used to convert amides to imidoyl halides. The formation of imidoyl halides proceeds under mild conditions by action of triphenylphosphine/CCU or triphenylphos-phine dihalides on secondary amides or ketoximes. The work-up procedure can be facilitated by use of polymer-supported triphenylphosphine/CCU. By the action of POCI3, phenyl- or methyl-phos-phonic acid dichloride on aminocarboxylic acid thiol esters in the presence of triethylamine the imidoyl chlorides (205 equation 114) are formed in moderate to good yields. The mechanism of this reaction has not been established. The methylene dialkylchlorophosphorane (206 equation 115) allows the conversion of secondary aromatic amides to imidoyl chlorides under very mild conditions. ... 

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