Armenia

At the Armenian plant, under the low power and shutdown conditions, organizational and technical measures have been implemented to meet the following objectives  

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In the early 1980s mine capacity approached a level of 136,000 t/yr Mo, far more than demand. Several mines have since closed. As of the early 1990s total molybdenum capacity remained well above total demand of about 90,000 t/yr. Estimated 1993 production in units of metric ton of molybdenum was in Armenia, 450 t in Canada, 10,000 t in Chile, 15,000 t in China, 16,000 t in Iran, 1,400 t in Kazakhstan, 1,400 t in Mexico, 1,800 t in MongoHa, 1,400 t in Pern, 2,700 t in Russia, 5,000 t in Uzbekistan, 900 t and in the United States, 37,000 t. 

Information on the toxic effects of molybdenum in humans is scarce. A high incidence of gout was reported in a locale in Armenia where the soil contained exceptionally high levels of both molybdenum and copper (15). However, the significance of the suggested correlation is questionable because of the lack of information on the study population and the absence of a control group. 

Polychloroprene consumption woddwide, except for eastern European countries and China, has plateaued at about 250,000 metric tons per year with some continued slow growth expected. Annual production averaged 307,000 metric tons during the 1980s with at least part of the difference being exported to formerly SociaUst countries. Production in Armenia has been limited to a fraction of its capacity of 60 metric tons by environmental problems and, in fact, is currendy shut down. The People s RepubHc of China has three plants with a combined capacity of 20 metric tons (2). 

Contents l.A breefe aunswere 11. 1-20 2. A true and perfect spagerike preparation of minerals, animalles, and vegitables with theyre use. Set forth by Josephus Quercetanus of Armenia Doctor. Whereunto are added, dyvers rare secrets, not heeretofore known of many. By J.H. practisioner in the Spagericall Arte. At London, printed, Anno. Dom. 

The situation is further compounded by major oil and gas deposits in Northern Iraq and Azerbaijan (Caspian Sea), as well as critically important and contentious pipeline routes such as Balor-Ceyhan and Baku-Supsa. The volatility of this region can be seen even today, with the deployment of Russian troops in Chechnya. Indeed the three states that make up the geostrategic unit of the South Caucasus, - Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan, two of whom share borders with Turkey, will be directly impacted by the advancement of Russian forces in Dagestan and Chechnya. 

South Caucasus Cooperation Council. Turkey could play an important and pivotal role in maintaining the integrity of the South Caucasus by hosting (or co-hosting with the U.S.) the leaders of Azerbaijan, Armenia and Georgia, through the auspices of the South Caucasus Cooperation Council. 

Pesticides marked influence on the health not only of those who used them, but of the entire population, was seen in all the Republics of the former USSR Azerbaijan [72], Armenia [A99], Kirgizstan [3], Belorussia [A105], Moldavia [11, 73, A42], Russia [3], Tajikistan [All, A86, A87, A95], Turkmenistan [3], Uzbekistan [57, A19, A33, A44, A49, A59, A62], and the Ukraine [3, A79]. Above, we looked at this issue from the point of view of how different groups of pesticides act. In this section we discuss two further aspects the geographical and medical-environmental (epidemiological). 

In rural regions with maximal pesticide exposure, children more often suffer the following illnesses before the age of 14 [A109] iron-deficit anemias (10 times more often in Turkmenia, 4 times in Armenia, 2.5 times in Azerbaijan, 2 times in Uzbekistan, and 1.4 times in Moldavia) active tuberculosis (2 times in Moldavia, 2.3 times in Kirgizia, 1.6 times in Armenia and Azerbaijan) viral hepatitis (23.7 times in Turkmenia, 2.4 times in Armenia, 2 times in Azerbaijan, 1.2 times in Kirgizia) and acute upper respiratory tract infections (21 times in Turkmenia, 1.4 times in Kirgizia). 

The indicator for infant mortality in children up to one year of age in Armenia turned out to be significantly higher in those regions that actively used pesticides than in those where pesticides were less actively employed [A99]. 

An examination of 5550 boys and 5496 girls in Armenia showed a marked worsening of physical development indicators among rural newborns as pesticide exposure grew. These indicators were worst in families where the parents worked in contact with pesticides. In all studied cases, children in these families were more retarded in their physical development than children whose parents had no contact with pesticides. Children were most retarded in their physical development where both parents worked with pesticides [A99]. 

The most significant difference in human health indicators between the experimental and control villages was in Uzbekistan (with 18 indicators), Armenia (13 indicators), Azerbaijan and rice growing regions of the Krasnodar Krai in Russia (11 indicators), and Moldavia (10 indicators). The lowest number of differences (with only 3-4 indicators) was detected in the Rovensk and Vinnitsk Oblasts of Ukraine. It is important to emphasize that the... 

Table 4.9. Average DDT+DDE content in fish from lake Sevan (Armenia) in 1984, in mg/kg of raw mass [94]...

In the Mediterranean Sea and Middle East area, for example, there are obsidian outflows only in Italy, in some islands in the Aegean Sea, and in Turkey. Artifacts made of obsidian, however, are widely distributed over much of this vast area. Chemical analysis of many of these artifacts has shown that most of the obsidian used to make them originated in one or another of the outflows mentioned, but also in far-distant places such as Armenia and Iran. Plotting on a graph the concentration of selected elements in samples from obsidian sources against that in samples from sites where it was used, enables the identification of the source of the samples (see Fig. 22). Moreover, this type of analysis also makes it possible to trace the routes through which obsidian (and most probably other goods) were traded in antiquity (Renfrew and Dixon 1976). 

National Culture Collection of Armenia for Microorganisms (RCDM) an introduction. 

In humans, a gout-like disease in two villages in Armenia was attributed to the ingestion of local foods high in molybdenum and grown in soils high in molybdenum (Friberg and Lener 1986). 

Kurkjian R., Dunlap, C., Flegal, R. 2001. Lead isotope tracking of atmospheric response to post-industrial conditions in Yerevan, Armenia. Atmospheric... 

Johnson, D., McDade, K., Griffith, D. 1996. Seasonal variation in pediatric blood levels in Syracuse, NY, USA. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 18, 81-88. Kurkjian R., Dunlap, C., Flegal, R. 2001. Lead isotope tracking of atmospheric response to post-industrial conditions in Yerevan, Armenia. Atmospheric... 

Pb excess Armenia 25-fold increasing Pb content in Mountain Kastanozems and Forest Brunozems (50-1,700 ppm). 7-fold increase of Pb content in plant species (0.5-11.6 ppm). 2-10-fold increase of Pb in foodstuffs Daily human food intake of Pb is 0.7-1.0 mg/day. Pb accumulation leads to endemic diseases of central nervous system... 

Layard, A. H. (1853). Discoveries in the ruins of Nineveh and Babylon with travels in Armenia, Kurdistan and the desert, being the result of a second expedition undertaken for the Trustees of the British Museum. London, J. Murray. 

After a 20 year break V. H. Ambartsumyan and G. S. Sahakian initiated an intensive research on compact objects during the 1960s in Armenia. In their pioneering work on compact stars they showed, that with increasing density, hyperons appear in nuclear matter and thus a neutron star at high densities consists predominantly of hyperons. Thus, as the density increases more and more heavy particles become stable. After the discovery of quarks as basic constituents of hadrons (including hyperons) the ideas of compact stars with quark cores or stars entirely composed of quark matter were presented. 

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