Arctic tundra

Yu Z, GR Stewart, W Mohn (2000) Apparent contradiction psychrotolerant bacteria from hydrocarbon-contaminated arctic tundra soils that degrade diterpenoids synthesized by trees. Appl Environ Microbiol 66 5148-5154. 

Most deserts and (semi-) arid regions occur between 10° and 35° latitude (e g. Sahara desert, Kalahari desert), in the interior parts of continents (e g. Australia, Gobi desert) and in rain shadow areas in fold belts (e.g. Peru, Nepal). Large parts of the arctic tundra receive less than 250 mm precipitation per annum and qualify as arid regions too (FAO, 2001). 

On the wide shore terraces of fjords and on the slopes of hills and low mountains, the Arctic Tundra ecosystems occur. The mosses and lichens are predominant with... 

The Sagavanirktok River is intermediate in aromatic carbon content. This river drains the bogs on the Arctic tundra (allochthonous inputs) and several lakes (autochthonous inputs). Samples from the Suwannee and Calcasieu rivers are very similar in peak-height ratios with the exception of peak 2 1 ratio, which is much lower for the Calcasieu River sample. The data in Table II indicate that the Calcasieu River fulvic acid has a greater ring content... 

Mack, M. C., Schuur, E. A. G., Bret-Harte, M. S., Shaver, G. R., and Chapin, F. S. (2004). Ecosystem carbon storage in arctic tundra reduced by long-term nutrient fertilization. Nature 431(7007), 440-443. 

Dai, X. Y., Ping, C. L., and Michaelson, G. J. (2002). Characterizing soil organic matter in Arctic tundra soils by different analytical approaches. Org. Geochem. 33,407 119. 

McKane, R. B., Johnson, L. C., Shaver, G. R. et al. (2002). Resource-based niches provide a basis for plant species diversity and dominance in arctic tundra. Nature, 415,68-71. 

Torn M. S. and Chapin E. S., Ill (1993) Environmental and biotic controls over methane flux from arctic tundra. Chemosphere 26, 357- 368. 

Whalen S. C., Reeburgh W. S., and Reimers C. E. (1995) Control of tundra emission by microbial oxidation. In Landscape Function Implications for Ecosystem Response to Disturbance, A Case Study in Arctic Tundra (eds. J. F. Reynolds and J. D. Tenhunen). Springer, New York, pp. 257-274. 

Oechel W. C., Cowles S., Grulke N., Hastings S. J., Lawrence B., Pmdhomme T., Riechers G., Strain B., Tissue D., and Vourlitis G. (1994) Transient nature of CO2 fertilization in Arctic tundra. Nature 371, 500-502. 

The most widespread hare in North America is the snowshoe or varying hare (Lepus americana), which occurs from the low-arctic tundra, through much of the northern United States. This species is dark brown during the summer, but is a camouflaged white in winter. This species goes through more-or-less cyclic variations of abundance in northern parts of its range, which are tracked by the populations of some of its predators, such as lynx (Lynx ri s). 

Larks are 75 species of small, terrestrial songbirds that make up the family Alaudidae. Larks breed on all of the continents except Antarctica. Their usual habitats are all open areas and typically include prairies, savannas, alpine and arctic tundras, heathlands, and some types of agricultural fields. 

Mosses are particularly prominent in the tropics, however, they have a significant presence in the boreal forest, the woodlands of the temperate zones, and tundra regions. In the arctic tundra, mosses can constitute 50-90% of the ecosystem s biomass. 

The mustard family, or Brassicaceae, contains about 3,000 species of plants. These plants occur widely on all continents except Antarctica and in a wide range of habitats from tundra and desert to forests of all types. Most species in the mustard family occur in the temperate zones, and many occur in the alpine or arctic tundra. 

Hanson, W.C., Transuranic elements in arctic tundra ecosystems. In W.C. Hanson (Ed.), Transuranic Elements in the Environment pp. 441-458. U.S. Dept, of Energy, DOE/TIC-22800, Technical Information Centre, Springfield, VA, USA, 1980. 

All but one species of beach-dwelling plover snatch insects and tiny crustaceans from the ocean waves as the tide recedes from the shore. The ruddy-colored turnstone (Arenaria inter-pres) feeds by turning over shells, pebbles, and seaweed to find crustaceans and insects hiding below. Plovers breed in the high Arctic tundra around the North Pole and migrate southward to North America, Africa, Asia, New Zealand, and Australia. 

The annual input rate of dead plant matter to soils in temperate regions, the net primary productivity of plants, is about 1 kg m 2 of carbon or 20 Mg ha-1 of dry matter. The annual input rate is perhaps 2 kg C m-2 or 40 Mg ha-1 of dry matter in humid tropical forests, and decreases to virtually zero to 0.1 kg C m-2 in deserts and arctic tundra. This input is part of the nonhumus organic matter, which includes original plant and microbial tissue and partially decomposed material. These nonhumus substances contain carbohydrates and related compounds, proteins and their derivatives, fats, lignins, tannins, and various partially decomposed products in roots and plant tops. The portion contributed by dead animal matter is insignificant because the... 

The response to fertilizer addition, indeed, shows a generally strong sensitivity of arctic tundra to any change that leads to in-... 

Billings, W. D., Luken, J. O., Mortensen, D. A., and Peterson, K. M. (1982). Arctic tundra A source or sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide in a changing environment Oecologia 53, 7-11. 

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