Architectures, cost effectiveness

Integrated flowsheet architecture for a cost-effective process is the main objective. Appropriate systemic techniques are capable of determining close-to-optimum targets for components without the need for detailed design and sizing. 

From combined theoretical and experimental insights, nanostructured Pt core-shell electrocatalyst architectures have recently emerged as promising, cost-effective cathode fuel cell catalysts. Pt-enriched multilayer surface shells surround Pt-poor cores that modify the reactivity of the surface Pt layer. 

System Interconnect Cost Performance One may obtain a measure of the cost effectiveness of the four generalized architectures by plotting the cost to throughput ratio for each architecture as a function of the number of processors in the system (Figure 3). 

The shared memory system is the most expensive of the four generalized architectures, with the global bus system coming in at close second. The fully interconnected system is about 5 times more cost-effective than a global bus approach for a 30-processor system however, the ring system is superior to all when the process is partitioned to take advantage of the unique bandwidth characteristics that a ring connected architecture provides. 

The Advanced Flexible Processor is a unique and powerful architecture providing an extremely high degree of flexibility and cost-effectiveness. It consists of 16 relatively autonomous functional units interconnected by a power 16 x 18 port, crossbar interconnect. Each of the data paths interconnected by the crossbar is 16 bits wide Table 1 describes the functional unit breakdown of the Advanced Flexible Processor. A conceptualized functional organization of the AFP is shown in Figure 4. 

Microprocessor technology permitted these technical issues to be addressed in a cost-effective manner. In the mid-1970s, a process control architecture referred to as a distributed control system (DCS) was introduced and almost instantly became a commercial success. A DCS consists of some number of microprocessor-based nodes that are interconnected by a digital communications network, often called a data highway. The key features of this architecture are as follows ... 

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