Ring-connected architectural

In the ring system, the bandwidth between adjacent processors is fixed howevet, utilizing the special characteristics of a ring connected architecture provides system intercommunication bandwidths which tend towards the arithmetic product of this fixed interprocedure bandwidth and the number of processors in the system. Thus, a proportionate increase in supporting intercommunications bandwidth is available as processors are added to the system Expansion within a ring connected system is, of course, virtually unlimited and has a very low cost impact. 

The shared memory system is the most expensive of the four generalized architectures, with the global bus system coming in at close second. The fully interconnected system is about 5 times more cost-effective than a global bus approach for a 30-processor system however, the ring system is superior to all when the process is partitioned to take advantage of the unique bandwidth characteristics that a ring connected architecture provides. 

A 14] Micro fluidic pumps with dimensions small enough to be connected inline with the process flow of a micro structured reactor plant are commercially available [78]. The tooth-ring gear pumps of the mzr-series, for example, convey up to 171 h-1 at pressures up to 80 bar. They can be used either as dosing pumps or as booster pumps inline in a hybrid plant or in a micro structured reactor plant with open architecture. The use of the stepwise pressure increase reduces the average plant pressure as indicated schematically in Figure 4.81. 

An example of a three-dimensional penetrating network is the solvated [(ZnCl2)3(35)2] 56 [139], The triazine molecules are part of threefold connecting knots (Fig. 7-17). The zinc atoms have a nearly tetrahedral coordination geometry with two N atoms of 35 and two chlorine ligands. A distorted network is obtained. The self-assembly of CUSO4 in water and l,3-bis(4-pyridyl)propane in ethanol results in 57 which presents a three-dimensional architecture sustained by two different types of coordination polymer one-dimensional ribbons of rings and two-dimensional layers (Fig. 7-18) [138]. 

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