Aqueous infusions, extraction

Limits for DEFIP in formulations stored in PVC bags are not set in pharmaco-peial compendia. The BP prescribes a standard test whose results should show that the amount of DEFIP extracted by action of ether on PVC bags does not exceed 40% of the polymer mass. This test is valid for PVC for all uses Dry dosage forms, noninjectable aqueous solutions, intravenous aqueous infusions, blood and blood components, and tubing used in sets for blood and blood components. On the other... 

He attempted to test his aqueous infusion of extract using the Rat FR4 behavior model. Calculating the human dose to be 0.126 g/kg, he gave the rats oral dosages of 10 times and 32 times the human dose (1.26 g/kg and 4.03 g/kg). There was no disruption of FR4 activity or normal behavior. One of his test animals was killed due to the large volume of extract necessary. Due to financial constraints, he abandoned this part of the experiments (1). 

Infusions included in the normal human diet are the product of the aqueous, hot extraction (brewing) of materials of vegetal origin (teas, coffee, herbs). The... 

Aqueous infusion The liquid extract that results when a substance is soaked In water. 

Antioxidant Activity of Organic Extracts from Aqueous Infusions of Sage. 2003. J Agric Food Chem, 57(23), 6696-6701. 

Relative extraction efficiencies of polar polymeric neutral, cation, and anion exchange sorbents (HLB, MCX, and MAX) for 11 beta antagonists and 6 beta agonists in human whole blood were probed.109 Initial characterization of MCX and MAX for acidic and basic load conditions, respectively, showed that both the agonists and antagonists were well retained on MCX, while they were recovered from MAX in the wash with either methanol or 2% ammonia in methanol (see Table 1.6). Blood samples were treated with ethanol containing 10% zinc sulfate to precipitate proteins and the supernatants loaded in 2% aqueous ammonium hydroxide onto the sorbents. After a 30% methanol and 2% aqueous ammonia wash, the analytes were eluted with methanol (HLB), 2% ammonia in methanol (MCX), or 2% formic acid in methanol (MAX). The best recoveries were observed with MCX under aqueous conditions or blood supernatant (after protein precipitation) spiked sample load conditions (see Table 1.7). Ion suppression studies by post-column infusion showed no suppression for propranolol and terbutaline with MCX, while HLB and MAX exhibited suppression (see Figure 1.6). 

In the authors and several other OPCW-designa-ted laboratories, LC/MS is used as the initial screening procedure for water samples and aqueous extracts of matrices such as soil. This usually provides a tentative identihcation of polar analytes within half a day, on the basis of molecular mass, any fragment ions present, and retention time. A second analysis, under LC/MS/MS conditions, usually provides a firmer identihcation on the basis of a limited number of product ions, most of which result from simple neutral losses. With clean matrices, the initial screening may be performed even faster using how injection or infusion rather than LC (14). An example of the application of how injection with electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry (ESI/MS) in an OPCW prohciency test is provided by Hooijschuur et al. (21) The identihcation of the analytes is usually conhrmed by GC/MS (in most cases after derivatization) as the second technique. 

Desalting can be achieved by precipitation with ethanolic atmnonium acetate [4], solid-phase extraction (SPE), microdialysis [13], Fe " -loaded immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) [14], cation-exchange coluttms (SCX) [15-16], or combinations thereof [17-18]. The SCX procedure can be applied on-hne with direct infusion of the effluent into ESl-MS [15-16]. The mobile phase applied is similar to the one applied in LC-MS, i.e., 50% acetonitrile in 10 mmol/1 aqueous TEA. 

The fresh leaves are ground and extracted with palm kernel oil for treatment of skin infections. The infusion of dried roots is used for stomach troubles and aqueous decoction of the fresh or dried leaves alone or in combination with the roots is used in the treatment of diabetes (no incidence of poisoning has been reported)... 

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