Microorganism aquatic

An accompanyiag effect of eutrophication that is more readily observable ia Table 1 is a decrease ia siUca coaceatratioa ia Lake Oatario. Some decliae ia dissolved siUca appareatiy has occurred ia all of the lakes except Lake Superior. This decliae is brought about by the growth of diatoms, a species of aquatic microorganisms ia the upper layers of lake water that is widespread ia all types of water impouadmeats where the water is clear and exposed to the sun. The siUca is used by these microorganisms to form their skeletons and is later precipitated and becomes part of the bed sediment. 

Figure 2B. Impact of domestic wastewater on aquatic microorganism...

Diisopropyl methylphosphonate has not been shown to be amenable to biodegradation. Little if any degradation by indigenous bacteria occurred in soil "dosed" with radiolabelled diisopropyl methylphosphonate (Williams et al. 1989). Biodegradation by aquatic microorganisms has been shown to be equally ineffective (Spanggord et al. 1979 Van Voris et al. 1987), rendering it inappropriate as a means for the disposal of diisopropyl methylphosphonate. 

Figure 1. Conceptual model of the important physicochemical processes, leading to the uptake of a trace element by an aquatic microorganism...

It seems clear, then, that aquatic microorganisms are able to completely degrade phthalate esters. 

Phthalate esters are metabolized by aquatic microorganisms, several aquatic invertebrates and several species of fish. 

Short chain phthalate esters such as bibutyl phthalate are more rapidly metabolized than long chain phthalate esters such as DEHP, both in aquatic microorganisms and fish. 

Reports are published on the metabolism of methoprene by plants (25), aquatic microorganisms (26), soil microbes (27), house flies and mosquitoes in vivo (28), resistant house flies in vivo and in vitro (29), a steer (30), a lactating cow (31), chickens (32), and bluegill fish (33). In addition, radioactive material balance studies have been published for a guinea pig, steer, and cow (34), chickens (35), and rats (36, 37), including whole-body autoradiography in rats (37). 

Figure 5. Metabolism of methoprene by soil and aquatic microorganism (26, 27)...

The role of aquatic microorganisms in affecting photochemical reactions has not been carefully studied in the past probably because of the lack of knowledge that such reactions do take place. Yet algae constitute the bulk of biomass in many aquatic systems. They are known to collect pesticidal chemicals because of their large surface areas. 

Some of the compounds at these low concentrations (e. g., microgram per liter levels) are acutely toxic to aquatic microorganisms. 

Ellis, P.A. and Camper, N.D. Aerobic degradation of diuronby aquatic microorganisms, / Environ. Sci Health, B17(3) 277-289, 1982. 

Sikka, H.C. and Saxena, J. Metabolism of endothall by aquatic microorganisms, J. Agric. Food Chem., 21 (3) 402-406,1973. 

Pokrovsky OS, Viers J, Emnova EE, Kompantseva El, Freydier R (2008) Copper isotope fractionation during its interaction with soil and aquatic microorganisms and metal oxy(hydr)oxides possible structural control. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 72 1742-1757 Polyakov VB (1997) Equilibrium fractionation of the iron isotopes estimation from Mossbauer spectroscopy data. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 61 4213 217 Polyakov VB, Kharlashina NN (1994) Effect of pressure on equilibrium isotope fractionation. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 58 4739 750... 

The values allow a rough characterization of the DOM according to its genesis— for example, whether it is more allochtonous (plant and lignin origin) or more autochtonous (algae- and aquatic microorganisms-derived). 

Williams, T.D., Hutchinson, T.H., Roberts, G.C. and Coleman, C.A. (1993) The assessment of industrial effluent toxicity using aquatic microorganisms, invertebrates and fish, The Science of The Total Environment Supplement, 1129-1141. 

Nudelman, M.A., Carro, C. and Nudelman, N.S. (1998) Effects oftin(IV) chloride and of organotin compounds on aquatic microorganisms. Appl. Organomet. Chem., 12, 67-75. 

Booth, C. R. and Morrow, J. E., Impacts of solar UVR on aquatic microorganisms the penetration of UV into natural waters, Photochem., Photobiol., 65, 254, 1997. 

Barcelo, J. A. and Calkins, J., Positioning of aquatic microorganisms in response to visible light and simulated solar UV-B irradiation, Photochem. Photobiol., 29, 75, 1979. 

Ellington, J.J., Stancil, F.E., Payne, W.D., Trusty, C.D. (1988) Measurement of Hydrolysis Rate Constants for Evaluation of Hazardous Waste Land Disposal. Volume 3, Data on 70 chemicals. U.S. EPA, EPA-600/3-88/028, NTIS PB 88-234042, Springfield, Virginia. Ellis, P.A., Camper, N.D. (1982) Aerobic degradation of diuron by aquatic microorganisms. J. Environ. Sci. Health B17, 277-290. Erkell, L., Walum, E. (1979) Differentiation of cultured neuroblastoma cells by urea derivatives. Febs Letters 104, 401. 

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