Applicator carbaryl exposure

There are, however, several apparent discrepancies. The first is the ratio calculated from literature values dealing with carbaryl exposure to pesticide applicators and fruit thinners in an apple orchard (4) This ratio (about 0.6x10 cm h ) was considerably lower than the range seen in Table IX. The difference may be due to the fact that Maitlen et al. (4) measured total and not dislodgeable foliar residues, thus leading to lower values than those obtained by us and others. 

Rut ser gloves worn applicators qpparently mlnlinized hemd exposure DDVP application euid handling resulted in 0.024 pg/cs /hr. Hand contamination accounted for 0.9% of tot d. dermal exposure (Table 1) as oompared with 87% in carbaryl exposure studies (11, 13) where hand protection was not worn. The fact that DDVP was recovered from the hands of the lioators in all 20 treatments denonstrated the need to stress hand protection and decontamination even when ruliher gloves are worn. 

Carbamates (carbaryl, benomyl, carbofuran, aldicarb, methomyl). Symptoms of exposure were nausea, dizziness, b listers, dermatitis, malaise, sweating, tearing, breathing difficulty, and chest tightness. Usually, incidents have occurred within 1 to 2 days after application except for aldicarb (up to 4 days after application). 

Comer et al. (2) therefore evaluated the effect of exposure to carbaryl (1-naphthyl methylcarbamate) on formulating plant workers and on workers applying carbaryl to fruit orchards with a tractor-drawn air-blast sprayer. However, information was still needed on the persistence of carbaryl in apple orchards and on the resultant exposure of workers who re-enter treated orchards. Further, no studies had been done on other types of crops. The present study was undertaken to determine the exposure of agricultural workers to carbaryl as a function of type of formulation, application equipment, application method, and type of work performed (i.e., mixer-loader, applicator, flagman, bystander, and apple thinners). 

Applicators. The workers involved in the ground applications of carbaryl received considerably less exposure than the mixer-loaders. Most of the exposure was to the hands and was attributed to adjusting the nozzles on the spray equipment. Thus, for the ground application of the 80S formulation, the total HDE was 1.6 mg/h and the HDE to the hands was 1.5 mg/h. For a similar application of Sevimol-4, the total HDE was 2.8 mg/h and the HDE to the hands was 2.7... 

Bystanders. The bystander had the lowest exposure to carbaryl of all the workers monitored. In keeping the bystander within 100 feet and downwind of the ground applicator, the bystander often had to walk into the field while it was being treated. This practice resulted in exposure when the hands of the bystander touched the crop foliage. Thus, with peas, there was no exposure because the plants were too small at the time of spraying for any inadvertent contact, but with relatively mature potatoes, measurable residues were deposited on the bystander. For example, when 80S was applied to this crop, the bystander had a total HDE of 0.5 mg/h... 

Gold, R.E., J.R.C. Leavitt, T. Holsclaw and D. Tupy (1982). Exposure of Urban Applicators to Carbaryl, Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 11, 63-67. 

Table VII. Estimated Exposure to Unprotected Body Areas in Home Garden Application of Three Formulations of Carbaryl onto Tall Vegetables (Corn) by Clothing Protection Regimen (12 Replications)...

Comparison with Commercial Application. We found applicator exposure in home gardens to be considerably less than that found in commercial orchard spraying as the 3 studies cited below show. All used air-blast spraying of carbaryl ... 

Studies were initiated in 1980 to determine drift differences between air and ground applications, using one orchard location. Two climatic parameters were used, the presence and absence of a temperature inversion at the time of application. In 1980, as shown in Table I, five applications of a carbaryl/captan mixture, were made and in 1981, three applications of captan. The selection of carbaryl and captan was based on the need for exposure studies due to the uncertain registration status of the pesticides at the time of the studies. 

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