Applications scanning electron microscope

Boggs, J.L. Prentice, K.J. Kraeutle J.E. Crump, The Role of the Scanning Electron Microscope in the Study of Solid Propellant Combustion , inavwepsceiiu ir h/zo yiyoy) do) u,u, Graber, F.C. Rauch A.J. Fanelli, Observation of Solid-Solid Polymorphic Transformation in 2,4,6-Trinitro Toluene , JPhChem 73, (10), 3514—15 (1969) 39) J.E. Crump, J.L. Prentice K.J. Kraeutle Role of Scanning Electron Microscopy in the Study of Solid Propellant Combustion. Part 11—Behavior of Metal Additives , NavWepsCentr TP-5142-PT-2 (1969) 40) J.A. Markham A.R. Cox, Applications... 

Tanaka K, Mitsushima A, Kashima Y, Osatake H. A new high resolution scanning electron microscope and its application to biological materials, in Proc Eleventh Inti Cong Electron Microsc, vol III (Imura T, Maruse S, Suzuki T, eds.), Publication Committee of the Xlth International Congress on Electron Microscopy, Kyoto, lapan, 1986, pp. 2097-2100. 

Enhanced imaging of several dairy products has been demonstrated through the application of a relatively elaborate preparative technique in combination with a cold-field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) [86], The preparative methods include a metal-impregnation technique, termed tannin-ferrocyanide-osmium (TA-F-O, Figure 21), which was adapted from Hirano et al. [87]. 

In addition, the optical properties of these materials, which include luminescence and thermochromism, are promising for optoelectronic applications, specifically the TCNQ species as a candidate for new semiconducting materials in view of the clear scanning electron microscope (SEM) image observed for crystals of this product.173... 

Scanning Electron Microscopy of Paper. The surface morphology of papers is a natural area of application of the scanning electron microscope (SEM) because of its depth of focus. Surveys have been made, and an excellent atlas of paper structures exists (28). 

Metal location is but one of a number of applications for scanning electron microscope studies in catalysis. Other applications are the study of the morphology of platinum-rhodium gauzes used in the oxidation of ammonia and the poisoning of catalysts, in which the scanning electron microscope results show the location of poisons such as compounds containing sulfur, phosphorus, heavy metals, or coke relative to the location of the catalytic components. 

In their first applications, SPM s were solely used for measuring surface topography. As opposed to optical microscopes and scanning electron microscopes... 

The hot stage has not only been applied to optical and atomic force microscopes, but also to scanning electron microscopes. Hot-stage accessories are available on environmental SEMs that can collect ESEM images at elevated temperatures. Applications to the electronics industry include fluxless soldering, intermetallic growth studies, and copper thick-film sintering studies (92-94). 

In contrast, laser irradiation has been shown to provide a potential solution to this problem. Laser-induced removal of the contaminants can be effected either via direct absorption of the laser light by the particles and/or the substrate ( dry laser cleaning ) or via the prior application of a liquid film ( steam laser cleaning ) [3]. The particle removal process can be evaluated either directly, by post-treatment optical or scanning electron microscopic examination of the sample, or indirectly via the scattering by the par-... 

---