Laser cleaning, dry

In contrast, laser irradiation has been shown to provide a potential solution to this problem. Laser-induced removal of the contaminants can be effected either via direct absorption of the laser light by the particles and/or the substrate ( dry laser cleaning ) or via the prior application of a liquid film ( steam laser cleaning ) [3]. The particle removal process can be evaluated either directly, by post-treatment optical or scanning electron microscopic examination of the sample, or indirectly via the scattering by the par-... 

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