Applications, polymers permanently

There are two generic types of permanent antistats hydrophilic polymers and inherently conductive polymers. Hydrophilic polymers are currently the dominant permanent antistats in the market. Typical materials that have been used successfully are such polyether block copolymers as PEBAX from Atochem. Typical use levels for these materials are in excess of 10%. B.F. Goodrich is supplying compounds utilizing their permanent antistat additive, STAT-RITE. Office automation equipment, such as fax and copier parts, is the principal application for permanent antistats based on hydrophilic polymers. The most common resins are ABS and high-impact polystyrene (HIPS). 

Major Applications Inks,4 fire-resistant polymers, permanent hair straightener ... 

For some medical applications, polymer degradation may be an intended consequence of the medical application, where a permanent device is not required. When a biodegradable device is implanted in the body, a general requirement is that the mechanical properties of the material should not... 

It has low reactivity towards co-additives and environmental agents, making it a good choice for pesticide resistance and lower pigment interaction. Lower pigment interaction leads to dramatic improvements in colour yield and UV stabilization in coloured plastics applications. High molecular weight provides the polymer permanence required for products today. 

The biostable materials such as metals, ceramics, glasses, polymers, and stable composites are intended to stay in a body for the patient s lifetime and function appropriately. They should be physiologically inert, cause only minimal response of the surrounding tissues, and retain their properties for years in vivo. Biostable materials have wide application in permanent prostheses such as joint prostheses, sutures, and other implants. 

In contrast to the applications previously described in which alkanesulfonates are used in polymers with a high glass transition temperature (PVC, polystyrene, and ABS), in antistatic-modified polyethylene articles the antistatic agent is able to continue migrating to the surface over a long period of time. Thus, a more permanent antistatic effect is achieved. 

In 1956 Brown, in a series of patents(68-75), disclosed that clays could be treated with di-, tri-, or tetra-substituted ammonia derivatives. Later, McLaughlin, et al.(76,77), introduced cationic polymers as permanent clay protective chemicals. A series of published results describing laboratory and field applications soon became available(78-81). Structural details of the cationic polymers appeared in patents(82-85). In general the polymers are polyamine derivatives, mostly quaternary in nature. Theng(86,87) has discussed how the multiple cationic centers in these polymers can interact and permanently protect clays. Callaway(88) et al. has noted that cationic polymers may interfere with the performance of crosslinked fracturing fluids. 

Barrier polymers, 3 375-405 applications, 3 405 barrier structures, 3 394-399 carbon dioxide transport, 3 403 flavor and aroma transport, 3 403-405 health and safety factors, 3 405 immiscible blends, 3 396-398 large molecule permeation, 3 388-390 layered structures, 3 394-396 miscible blends, 3 398-399 oxygen transport, 3 402 permanent gas permeation, 3 380-383 permeability prediction, 3 399-401 permeation process, 3 376-380 physical factors affecting permeability, 3 390-393... 

---