Applications of Molecular Technologies

In situ hybridization (ISH) consists of the application of hybridization techniques to intact cells which demonstrate genetic information within a morphologic context. This technology takes advantage of the hybridization properties of nucleic acids and offers a distinct technique to directly analyze sequence information in intact tissues. In essence, it combines cytogenetic techniques with molecular biology to probe gene alterations at molecular levels. Development of 

Since the late 1970s, Southern blot analysis has had greater applicability in linkage analysis and detection of acquired chromosomal rearrangements. Currently, this technique forms the basis of a majority of protocols used in the biopsy 

To minimize problems with the detection and analysis of a gene that exists as a single copy on an autosomal chromosome, technology of extreme sensitivity needs to be employed. Although the standard Southern analysis combines reasonable sensitivity with greater specificity, it is labor-intensive, requiring the use of radioisotopes such as 32P, and a few days are required to complete an analysis. Several pitfalls of the Southern procedure can be eliminated by substituting the PCR technique (M4). 

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Genetic applications of molecular technologies have different concerns than routine clinical laboratory testing because results are used in a predictive manner (e.g., the probability that a gene is present and, if present, whether it will be expressed and to what extent of severity). Therefore, validation procedures may differ, depending on whether the test will be used in high-risk situations or in the general population. 

Mortierella alpina was identified to be an excellent production organism with up to 70% ARA in the storage lipid fraction and it is the only commercially used micro-organism for ARA manufacturing. With the application of molecular technology, increases in the total ARA content of Mortierella have been achieved. ... 

In Chapter 11, by Phill Jones et al., biomedical FRET-FLIM applications are reviewed and illustrated. The molecular background of a variety of diseases (e.g., Alzheimer s disease) can be uncovered by using FRET-FLIM. In this major funding area, the killer -applications of the technology are and will be found, leading to a further boost of the implementation and commercial availability of high-end microscopes with automated acquisition and standardized analysis features. 

Before examining the electrochemical properties of this class of compounds (we will limit the discussion to homonuclear derivatives), it must be clear that the technological application of molecular wires belongs to solid-state chemistry. Nevertheless, since the main target of such new molecules is to conduct electricity, it seems useful to ascertain preliminarily their intrinsic ability towards intramolecular electron mobility by electrochemical investigations in solution, i.e. in the absence of intermolecular interactions. 

Lanza F, Sellergren B. The application of molecular imprinting technology to solid phase extraction. Chromatographia 2001 53 599-611. 

The technological applications of molecular sieves are as v aried as their chemical makeup. Heterogeneous catalysis and adsorption processes make extensive use of molecular sieves. The utility of Ihc latter materials lies in their mierostructures. which allow access to large internal surfaces, and cavities that enhance catalytic activity and adsorptive capacity. 

The first installment in this series (Volume 267, 1996) mostly covered peptide and peptidomimetic based research with just a few examples of small molecule libraries. In this volume we have compiled cutting-edge research in combinatorial chemistry, including divergent areas such as novel analytical techniques, microwave-assisted synthesis, novel linkers, and synthetic approaches in both solid-phase and polymer-assisted synthesis of peptides, small molecules, and heterocyclic systems, as well as the application of these technologies to optimize molecular properties of scientific and commercial interest. 

Sanchez-Carbayo M, Cordon-Cardo C. Applications of array technology identification of molecular targets in bladder cancer. Br J Cancer 2003 89 2172-2177. 

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