Applications of ICPs

Parts I and II. John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1987. An excellent description of the fundamental concepts, instrumentation, use, and applications of ICP-OES. 

McLaren JW, Siu KWM, Lam JW, Maxwell PS, Koether M, Palepu A, and Berman SS (1990) Application of ICP-MS in marine analytical chemistry. Anal Chem 337 721-728. 

Gas and liquid chromatography directly coupled with atomic spectrometry have been reviewed [178,179], as well as the determination of trace elements by chromatographic methods employing atomic plasma emission spectrometric detection [180]. Sutton et al. [181] have reviewed the use and applications of ICP-MS as a chromatographic and capillary electrophoretic detector, whereas Niessen [182] has briefly reviewed the applications of mass spectrometry to hyphenated techniques. 

Challenges of ICP-AES/MS for polymer/additive analysis are the lack of CRMs. A monograph describes applications of ICP-AES [182]. 

Applications ICP-MS has become the technique of choice for the determination of elements in a wide range of liquid samples at concentrations in the ng L 1 to [igL-1 range. Typical applications of ICP-MS are multi-element analysis of liquids (even with high solid contents) element speciation by hyphenation to chromatographic techniques continuous on-line gas analysis multi-element trace analysis of polymers and trace analysis in high-purity materials. ICP-MS is routinely used for quality control purposes. 

Bloxham et al. [842] have reviewed the application of ICP-MS to the determination of trace metals in seawater. 

In most applications of ICP-AES, the sample is introduced as a liquid (although solid samples can be dealt with using laser ablation, discussed in Section 9.1 in the context of ICP MS). Usually a small pump sucks up the... 

Application of ICP-MS in geology and the semiconductor industry has been reviewed. The Li Li isotopic ratio of the stable lithium isotopes is an important parameter in geological and chemical studies. This ratio may be determined by thermal MS... 

Further applications of ICP-MS with a collision/reaction cell in trace, ultratrace analysis and isotope ratio measurements are described in Chapter 8.16 17 20 22 27 28... 

Table 8.8 Applications of ICP-MS and LA-ICP-MS for plutonium isotope ratio measurements.

Table 9.19 Application of ICP-MS in trace analysis of high purity solutions used in microelectronics.

Methodological Developments and Applications of ICP-MS for Determination of Long-lived Radionuclides Including Trace/Matrix Separation... 

Waddell et al. [79] investigated the applicability of ICP-MS data obtained from the analysis of ecstasy tablets to provide linkage information from seizure to... 

Applications of ICP-AES, which is one of the more popular methods at present, to plant analyses are reported in Branch et al. (1991), and Cresser et al. (1991). The practical detection limits of ICP-AES for plant tissue analysis are reported by Thomson and Walsh (1988) and these are compared with the typical concentrations in plants tissues (Bowen, 1966) in Table 9-5. 

The use of ICP-MS for the analysis of foods has been reviewed recently [270]. Food analysis can provide information on potentially toxic elements, nutrient elements, or geographical origin of the food. The application of ICP-MS to experimental nutrition has recently been reviewed [271]. The importance of quality control for multielement analysis of complex sample matrices like foods by ICP-MS was shown [272]. 

Miscellaneous. Trace analyses have been performed for a variety of other materials. Table 9 lists some uses of electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (etaas) for determination of trace amounts of elements in a variety of matrices. The applications of icp/ms to geological and biological materials include the following (165) ... 

One of the earliest applications of ICP-based techniques in food authenticity was the determination of the trace element composition of orange juice [16]. This work successfully showed that, using ICP-AES, it was possible to distinguish between juice produced in Florida and Brazil, utilising only five of the 32 elements measured. 

Another application of ICP-MS in the area of food safety is the evaluation of food contact materials. Q [86] and TOF [87] mass spectrometers have been employed in the compositional analysis of paper and board material intended for food contact. Studies on the migration of metals from food contact plastics using food simulants and ICP-MS detection have also been reported. One of them showed how to analyze different simulants without the need of any time-consuming preparation, that is, aqueous acetic acid (3 percent w/v) directly, aqueous ethanol (15 percent v/v) after proper dilution, the olive oil simulant following emulsion preparation by means of tetralin and Triton X-100 [88]. 

Figure 8.6. Applications of ICP-MS to food-related areas publication history (1989-2003). Publications concerning speciation are marked in white.

---