Copolymer applications of graft

EXAMPLES OF APPLICATIONS OF GRAFTED COPOLYMERS 3.6.1 Particular case of plastics recycling... 

The remainder of this section is divided into two parts (1) investigations on the activation of fluorinated homopolymers followed by the grafting, and (2) methods starting from the irradiation of fluorinated copolymers, with a subsequent grafting step. This section provides nonexhaustive examples of syntheses, properties, and applications of graft copolymers starting from the activation of PVDF. 

This area of research is receiving increasing attention due to a better understanding (and recognition) of the properties and potential applications of siloxane containing copolymers. A detailed discussion of this type of graft copolymers and their uses will be given in later sections. 

The synthesis of graft copolymers can be achieved either by "grafting from or by grafting onto processes.— The former method seems more versatile, but it does not allow an adequate structure control, and it often yields rather polydisperse samples. On the contrary "grafting onto" methods allow a precise control of the size and of the nunber of grafts, but it is only applicable to a limited number of systems. 

Needless to say, the best established architecture which can be designed by the macromonomer technique has been that of graft copolymers. With this technique we now have easy access to a variety of multiphased or microphase-separated copolymer systems. This expanded their applications into a wide area including polymer alloys, surface modification, membranes, coatings, etc. [5]. 

An early application of starch graft copolymers claims that incorporation of graft copolymers of starch or other polyols with ethyl or butyl acrylate into polystyrene improves the impact resistance if the polyol content is less than 20% of the graft.102... 

Different types of floeculants can be prepared by aminomethylation the amino-methyl derivatives of polyacrylamide represent the most widely adopted class of compounds, which includes high-molecular-weight floeculants (502, 517 in Table 38, 562 in Table 40), and has been widely patented. The large amount of research on these pnxlucts is concerned, in particular, with is(x lcctric points, the content of functionalized co-units, the extent of amido groups hydrolysis, and the use of copolymcrs. -"- Applications of acrylamide copolymers grafted onto starch or other polysaccharides arc also considered. ... 

In the following we would like to describe the synthesis of graft copolymers with silicone backbone based on polymeric initiators. These graft copolymers might find application as compatibilizers and, furthermore, the synthetic procedure allows broad combination possibilities. 

As far as we know, the first application of ultracentrifugation to phase separation of graft copolymers was made by Shashoua and Van Holde (I). 

Modification of natural polysaccharides through various graft copolymerization techniques is discussed in this chapter. Characterization of graft copolymers using different techniques like FT-IR, C-NMR, SEM, XRD, TGA, DTA and DTG along with their physical, chemical and mechanical properties are discussed as a function of different reaction conditions of their synthesis. Applications for modified polysaccharides include drug delivery devices, controlled release of fungicides, selective water absorption from oil-water emulsions and purification of water. 

Gautam Sen received his PhD from Birla Institute of Technology, India, where he is now an Assistant Professor. His current research includes development of graft copolymer based smart materials and their futuristic applications. 

The development of monofunctional precursors led to the production of graft copolymers that were fairly pure, in that they were relatively free from ungrafted polymer. Monofunctional precursors can also be made by condensation [3.66]. Indeed, graft copolymers made by the copolymerization of monomers with the reaction product of glycidyl methacrylate and the self-condensate of 12-hydroxys-tearic acid [3.67] have been used extensively in dispersion polymerizations, not only for technological applications, but also to study the mechanisms of dispersion polymerization and steric stabilization. 

---