Applications Mechanism of action

ABSTRACT A series of about 70 secondary metabolites produced by marine organisms have been grouped into three structural types and discussed in terms of their reported antimalarial activities. The major groups of metabolites include isonitrile derivatives, alkaloids and cycloperoxide derivatives. Structure-activity relationships and, when applicable, mechanisms of action of the isolated molecules, have been discussed. The following discussion evidences that antimalarial marine molecules can efficiently integrate the panel of lead compounds isolated from terrestrial sources with new chemical backbones and, sometimes, with typically marine functional groups (as isonitriles). 

C. Delp, Benzimidazole and related fungicides, in Modem Selective Funpcides - Properties, Applications, Mechanisms of Action, H. Lyr (Ed.), Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena, 1995, pp. 291-303. 

H. Lyr, in H. Lyr, ed.. Modem Selective Fungicides—Properties, Application and Mechanism of Action, Gustav Fischer Vedag, Jena, Germany, 1987, p. 75. 

Lactam antibiotics, 1, 152-153 applications, 7, 353 mechanism of action, 7, 338 nuclear analogues, 7, 354 synthesis, 7, 351, 353 in synthesis reviews, 1, 67 -Laetamase effeet... 

Mechanism of action of nanosized (0.005 - 0.02 p.m) powders of ferromagnetics on biological systems is based on effect of magnetic fields created by ferromagnetic microcrystal assemblies and on specific action of every metal added which determined the field of practical application. 

Another limitation with the HI approach is that Uie assumption of dose additivity is most properly applied to compounds iliat induce die same effect by die same mechanism of action. Consequendy, application of die liazard index equation to a number of compounds diat are not expected to induce die same t) pc of effects or that do not act by the same ineclianism could overestimate die potential for effects, aldiough such an approach is appropriate at a screening lc cl. This possibility is generally not of concern if only one or two substances are responsible for driving the HI above unity. 

An alternative viewpoint for structure-activity investigations is to utilize quantitative models as probes into the mechanism of action of the set of compounds being studied. In this case it is most useful if the molecular descriptors are explicitly meaningful in terms of chemical reactivity or physiological behavior, e.g., distribution of the compound in an organism (see Table II). In a previous symposium, (18), we described our application of this approach toward the development of a quantitative structure-potency expression, equation 1,... 

Additional Investigation Is required to determine If effects on these pathways are primary or secondary mechanisms of action and If the same mechanisms are applicable to more anatomically complex plants and under a range of environmental conditions. 

Mineral Oil Hydraulic Fluids. No specific methods were located for interfering with the mechanism of action for toxic effects produced by mineral oil hydraulic fluids. Unstable alveoli and distal airways have been proposed as major factors in the respiratory symptoms that occur after the ingestion of other petroleum-derived materials. Continuous positive airway pressure or continuous negative chest wall pressure, as well as the application of supplemental oxygen, have been recommended to counteract the resultant pneumonitis (Eade et al. 1974 Klein and Simon 1986). 

Nijveldt RJ, vanNood E, van Hoorn DE, Boelens PG, vanNorrenK and van Leeuwen PA. 2001. Flavonoids a review of probable mechanisms of action and potential applications. Am J Chn Nutr 74(4) 418-425. 

Riggs BL, Hartmann LC (2003) Selective estrogen-receptor modulators - mechanisms of action and application to clinical practice. N Engl J Med 348 618... 

Application of GenomicsTtechniques as Tools for Hypothesis Generation and Mechanism of Action Studies... 

Medinsky MA. 1995. The application of physiologically based pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PBPK/PD) modeling to understanding the mechanism of action of hazardous substances. Toxicol Lett 79 185-191. 

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