Applications in Nanoelectronics

By changing the ultrasound power, changes in the mesoporosity of ZnO nanoparticles (average pore sizes from 2.5 to 14.3 nm) have been observed. In addition to the changes in mesoporosity, changes in the morphology have also been noted [13]. Recently, Jia et al. [14] have used sonochemistry and prepared hollow ZnO microspheres with diameter 500 nm assembled by nanoparticles using carbon spheres as template. Such specific structure of hollow spheres has applications in nanoelectronics, nanophotonics and nanomedicine. 

As far as inorganic salts are concerned, they are normally introduced by blending their molten state with the CNTs or by sublimation. Many inorganic salts have been used with most of the transition metals and alkali/alkaline earth metals, with halides being the most typical anions [92], together with hydroxides [93]. The tubes can also be doped with individual metals, their oxides and with organometallic species such as metallocenes (Fig. 3.16) [94]. Fabrication of these materials is driven by potential applications in nanoelectronics. 

Covalent linkages through the carboxylic groups introduced during oxidation can anchor metal complexes (Fig. 3.17) to enable the synthesis of CNT-inorganic hybrids for applications in nanoelectronics [96]. 

Molecules may be considered as the ultimate building blocks, and are therefore interesting for the development of molecular devices and for surface functionalization. Thus the interest in studying their properties when adsorbed on a (suitable) substrate (solid/crystal surface). There is in fact a double interest, from a fundamental point of view and for potential applications in nanoelectronics/molecular electronics and nanosensing. 

Semiconducting silicides epitaxially grown on silicon have gained an increased practical interest to be used in novel semiconducting devices due to their high thermal stability, homogeneous interface and smooth surface morphology [1]. Lowdimensional structures are the main object of study and application in nanoelectronics. When the structure size in one direction decreases up to several run, its properties may differ essentially from the bulk properties of a source material. Such modification of the properties looks attractive. 

Electronic and elastic properties of carbon nanotubes are actual in connection with perspectives of their applications in nanoelectronic devices [1] and in composite materials [2], A study of phase transitions in carbon nanotubes, including a possibility of a superconducting state [3], is also of much current interest This work is devoted to structural phase transitions controlled by an expansion of carbon nanotubes. It is considered on the example of armchair metallic (5,5) nanotube. 

Regimented arrays of Ge dots have been deposited on pre-patterned Si (100) surfaces by LPCVD. The Ge dots exhibit a narrower size distribution and an improved luminescence efficiency compared to islands grown on non-pattemed areas of the same sample. Narrow, phonon resolved PL was observed from ordered dot arrays, indicating a low defect density in the structures. The transfer of the technology of templated self assembly from MBE to CVD is promising for future application in nanoelectronic devices. 

Stability over 24 h, a property tvhich tvould be important for future applications in nanoelectronics. 

Electrochemical polymerization provides a convenient approach to fabricate CNTs/CP nanocomposites [46-53], Using such a strategy, the morphology and properties of the nanocomposites can be controlled by the electropolymerization conditions, such as the applied potential or current density. Ajayan and co-workers have reported the electrochemical oxidation of aniline in H SO on the CNTs electrode to fabricate CNT/PANl composites [46]. Chen et al. fabricated CNT/PPy nanocomposites, the first example of anionic CNTs acting as the dopant of a CP [47]. Their results showed that PPy was xmiformly coated on the surface of individual CNTs by electrolysis at a low apphed potential for a short time, rendering them potential applications in nanoelectronic devices. Another kind of CNTs/CP composite nanostructures, e.g., CNTs as inorganic fillers in CP matrices [54] can be prepared by a template-directed electropolymerization method. (Figure 13.3)... 

Ovsianikov, A. and Chichkov, B.N. (2008) Two-photon polymerization - high resolution 3D laser technology and its applications, in Nanoelectronics and Photonics (eds A. Korkin and F. Rosei), Springer Verlag, pp. 427—446. 

Realizing core-sheath (or core-shell) polymer nanofibers can be important for an enormous variety of applications. In nanoelectronics, one can envisage... 

As Nature offers diamondoids in large quantities from crude oil [4, 127], one ought to explore their chemistry especially in view of their potential applications in nanoelectronic devices [128]. The first challenge is to understand systematically the reactivity patterns of diamondoids, especially with respect to their selective peripheral C-H bond functionalization. This difficulty is emphasized when one considers that even triamantane (3) reacts with typical electrophiles (e.g., Br2) with very low selectivity [129]. What alternatives are there - will ionic, radical, and radical ionic C-H activation reactions eventually lead to higher C-H bond selectiv-ities These questions can, in part, be answered by computational methods when considering the very different stabilities of the cations, radicals, and radical cations of the respective diamondoids in the first step. These purely thermodynamic stabilities very often translate nicely into selectivities, at least for cationic structures. As this is often not the case for radicals, transition structures also have to be considered which makes the prediction of selectivities far more elaborate [130]. 

The present volume Nanomaterials Basic Concepts and Applications , as the title suggests, deals with basic concepts and applications of nanomaterials, a buzz word in the modern world of Science and Technology. Because of advanced characterization and new fabrication techniques, nanomaterials are now central to multiple disciplines, including materials science, chemistry, physics, engineering and medicine. This special volume under Solid State Phenomena series will present an overview of recent research developments, including synthesis, characterization and applications in Nanoelectronics, Luminescence, Drug Delivery, Memristors, Solar Cells and Semiconductors. 

---