Application in Biomedicine

Roca, A.G., Costo, R., Rebolledo, A.F., Veintemillas-Verdaguer, S., Tartaj, P., Gonzalez-Carreno, T., Morales, M.P. and Serna, C.J. (2009) Progress in the preparation of magnetic nanopartides for applications in biomedicine. Journal of Physics D Applied Physics, 42 (22), 11. 

We will first discuss some examples of biocatalytic polymerisation in biological systems, followed by a review of recent man-made systems and the design rules that are emerging. Unique features related to control of polymerisation (both in terms of kinetics and thermodynamics) will be discussed, followed by a review of (potential) applications in biomedicine and nanotechnology. 

Berry, C. C. Curtis, A. S. G. Functionalisation of magnetic nanoparticles for applications in biomedicine. J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 36, R198-R206 (2003). 

Intracellular Ions. - A review of NMR and its application in biomedicine has been produced. 

With the work by Grubbs et al. [27] and Herrmann et al. [28], the use of ruthenium carbene complexes as homogeneous catalysts for the ROMP (Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization) of olefins was estabhshed (see Section 2.4.4.3). The development of catalysts that can catalyze hving polymerization in water was an important goal to achieve, especially for applications in biomedicine. In this context, two water-soluble ruthenium carbene complexes (3 and 4) have been reported that act as initiators for the living polymerization of water-soluble monomers in a quick and quantitative manner [29]. 

Over 150,000 tonnes of chitin is currently harvested by utilising a by-product of the seafood industry, making it available throughout the year. Chitin and CS are currently in the spotlight due to their numerous applications in biomedicine, waste water treatment, food, cosmetics and the fibre industry [35-39]. The high nitrogen... 

Wu, K., Zhang, Y., 2008. Contactless and continuous monitoring of heart electric activities through clothes on a sleeping hed. In International Conference on Information Technology and Applications in Biomedicine, Shenzhen, pp. 282—285. 

The combination of unique properties of magnetic nanoparticles has led to a variety of applications in biomedicine. First, the size of a nanoparticle is smaller, or at least comparable, to those of cells (10-100 pm), viruses (20-450 nm), proteins (5-50 nm), or DNA (2nm wide and 10-100nm long). Second, the existence of magnetic dipoles allows the manipulation of magnetic nanoparticles by an external magnetic... 

Singh et al., in Chapter 13, Nanobiomaterials applications in biomedicine and biotechnology, review the fabrication of nanoscale biomaterials for medical and biotechnological applications. Nanoscale molecular tools in nanobiomedicine are used for diagnostic purposes and improvement of human health. Pivotal studies, both nonclinical and clinical, in the aspects of safety and tolerance are the necessity of recent times in order to formulate their potential commercial application. 

Due to the advantages of size and shape, magnetic nanoparticles have a lot of applications in biomedicine, such as cell separation, drug carrier for cancer cures, and hyperthermia. The size of nanoparticles gives them the advantage of going into the body... 

Park, S., Kim, H., Lim, H., Kim, C.O., 2008. Surface-modified magnetic nanoparticles with lecithin for applications in biomedicine. Curr. Appl. Phys. 8, 706—709. 

For many applications in biomedicine, not only the multifunctionality but also the macroscopic structure or architecture of polymers is relevant. For example, cells can align to patterns on polymeric surfaces and are influenced by the macroscopic surface pattern of the underlying substrate. In this chapter, a short overview is presented on selected methods to structure polymers or polymer surfaces by microengineering techniques (Table 3.5) [97]. 

A very important aspect when characterizing polymers especially for potential application in biomedicine or biotechnology is the surface characterization since the surface properties of the materials define largely any biological interactions. Again we will focus on some essential methods with special focus on their importance for polymer film in contact with the biosystems and hydrogels. 

A. Lymberis, Smart wearables for remote health monitoring, from prevention to rehabilitation current R D, future challenges, in Proceedings of the 4th Annual International IEEE Conference on Information Technology Applications in Biomedicine, UK, pp.272-275, 2002. 

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