Applications and Investigations

Crossflow microfiltration is being used and investigated for both clarification and thickaiing of concentrated suspensions in industrial apphcations. The following provides some details of these applications. 

GeneraL Claiiflcation and thickening duties, recycling of pigment dispersions, latex product recovery and concentration. 

BiotechnologicaL Cell byproduct separation, desalting or bufiTer exdiange (diaflhration), removal of bactmia and cellular debris, cell harvesting, beverage 

Oil and effluents. Filtration of seawater prior to injection into oil reservoirs [Abdel-Ghani et al, 1988 Holdich et al, 1991], separation of oil fi om diversions in water, separation of water from dispersions in oil, textile finishing effluents, biological effluent riudges. 

Nuclear. ThLckening of radioactive contaminated solids prior to encapsulation. 

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Some data are also available (5) on the use of metallic cobalt and nickel supported on charcoal for high polymerization of ethylene. However, the application and investigation of these catalysts were not subsequently developed. 

Flyvberg, J., Arvin, E., Jensen, B. K. Olson, S. K. (1991). Bioremediation of oil- and creosote-related aromatic compounds under nitrate-reducing conditions. In In Site Bioreclamation Applications and Investigations for Hydrocarbon and Contaminated Site Remediation, ed. R. E. Hinchee R. F. Olfenbuttel, pp. 471-9- Boston, MA Butterworth-Heinemann. 

Well-known products include wound dressing, temporary skin, and connective-tissue replacement (BioFill , Gengiflex ) [7]. Numerous groups are working on these applications and investigating the healing effect of this external BC material (Table 2). 

Applications include the use of radionuclides in geo- and cosmochemistry, dating by nuclear methods, radioanalysis, the use of radiotracers in chemical research, Mossbauer spectrometry and related methods, the use of radionuclides in the life sciences, in particular in medicine, technical and industrial applications and investigations of the behaviour of natural and man-made radionuclides, in particular actinides and fission products, in the environment (geosphere and biosphere). Dosimetry and radiation protection are considered in the last chapter of the book. 

Yong, R.N. Tousignant, L.P. Leduc, R. Chan, E.C.S. Disappearance of PAHs in a contaminated soil from Mascouche, Quebec. In In-Situ Bioreclamation Applications and Investigations for Hydrocarbon and Contaminated Site Remediation Hinchee, R.E., Olfenbuttel, R.E., Eds. Butterworth-Heinemann Publishing Boston, MA, 1991 377-395. 

Despite all the technological applications and investigations of rare-earth YAG lasers, the optical spectra of some of the rare-earth ions in this host are of questionable quality and in some cases nonexistent. Only two rare-earth ions in YAG, neodymium and erbium, have been thoroughly investigated and reported. This is rather surprising when compared to lanthanum trifluoride (LaFa), for which Kaminskii reports only 16 lasers, although abundant excellent data exist (Camall et al., 1977) for all of the rare-earth ions in LaFs except terbium. 

Thiophene-S-oxides are less stable than thiophene-5,5-dioxides and have been used as synthons for a wide range of pharmaceutical applications and investigated for their biological activity [6], Whereas the parent unsubstituted thiophene-5,5-dioxide has been isolated and characterized at low temperature [4], the corresponding unsubstituted thiophene-5-oxide has never been prepared, due to spontaneous dimerization. 

This volume has not been designed primarily as a reference book on multi-detector row CT. The idea of this book was rather to provide fundamental knowledge combined with an update on the latest CT scarmer technology in challenging clinical areas. The book therefore supports the mission of the conference perfectly, with its profound discussion of different applications and investigation strategies. 

ECL, which can be coupled with various separation techniques such as HPLC and capillary electrophoresis (CE), has been proved to be a powerful tool for analytical applications and investigations with high sensitivity (< 10 M), high selectivity and wide linear range. 

From Sankaralingam, S., Gupta, B., 2010. Development of textile antennas for body wearable applications and investigations on their performance under bent conditions. Prog. Electromagn. Res. B 22, 53-71. 

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