Apples metal contents

It is to be expected that a relationship exists between the metal content of soils and the metal content of the crop. Table 11.2 gives data on the maximum metal contents observed in soils (taken from Table 11.1) and the maximum metal contents determined for various crops, including corn, wheat and rice flours, apples, potatoes, broccoli and kale. A plot of maximum metal contents (mg/kg) in soil and crops respectively, shows the relationship between these parameters (Fig. 11.1). Metal contents in crops in the range 0.01 -1000 mg/kg increase with increasing soil metal content in the range 1-100 000 mg/kg. 

Kelly, J., Thornton, I., and Simpson, P. R. (1996). Urban geochemistry A study of the influence of anthropogenic activity on the heavy metal content of soils in traditionally industrial and nonindustrial areas of Britain. Appl. Geochem. 1, 363—370. 

Lambert, C. K., Gonzalez, R. D. 1998. The importance of measuring the metal content of supported metal catalysts prepared by the sol-gel method. Appl. Catal. A Gen. 172,233-... 

Istratov AA, Buonassisi T, McDonald RJ, Smith AR et al (2003a) Metal content of multicrystalline silicon for solar cells and its impact on minority carrier diffusion length. J Appl Phys 94 6552-6559... 

Zhang J, Wang H, Dalai AK (2008) Effects of metal content on activity and stability of Ni-Co bimetallic catalysts for CO2 reforming of CH4. Appl Catal Gen 339 121-129... 

The important commercial feature of these juices, especially significant with blackcurrant and tomato juices, is their ascorbic acid (or vitamin C) content, of which loss by oxidation is known to be accelerated both by heat and by metal (particularly copper) contamination. The effect of copper has been carefully investigated for pure ascorbic acid", and more recently ascorbic acid in blackcurrant juice and model systems. There are, however, oxidation inhibitors of different kinds (which may themselves be heat-sensitive) present in various fruits, which give differing results. The presence of metals will also affect flavours", may cause discoloration, and may give rise to clouding effects, as in apple juice. ... 

Detoxication of Metals. Pectins or pectin derivatives have been proposed as antidotes for heavy metal poisoning for nearly 200 years. Kertesz (9) has reviewed the early work in this area. Pectin complexes lead so strongly as to quantitatively remove it from solution. Absorption 6f lead, arsenic, and selenium by several animal species has been reduced by pectin- or apple-containing diets. Use of pectin as a prophylactic agent in lead poisoning continues to be of interest. Bondarev (88) recently reported an increase in excretion and a decrease in bone accumulation of lead when rats fed 6 mg/day of lead also received 72-432 mg/day of low ester pectin. Paskins-Hurlburt et al. (89) achieved an 87% decrease in lead absorption by pectate fed rats. These studies bear out the early observations of Fellenburg (see 9, p. 572), who concluded that pectin of decreased ester content would have an enhanced ability to complex metals. 

Canadian Medical Association (CMA) (2(X)8) No breathing room National illness costs of air pollution. http //www.cma.ca/multimedia/cma/content Images/Inside cma/Office Public Health/ICAP/CMA ICAP sum e.pdf. Accessed 29 August 2009 Carter JD, Ghio AJ, Saraet JM et al (1997) Cytokine production by human airway epithelial cells after exposure to an air pollution particle is metal-dependent. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 146 180-188... 

C3HJO3, Mr 90.08. The racemate and the enantiomers occur in nature. (/f)-Form, mp. 53 °C, [0] -2.6° (HjO), pK 3.83. Prismatic platelets, soluble in water, ethanol, and ether, insoluble in chloroform. (/ )-(-)-L. is formed in the fermentation of glucose by Lactobacillus leichmannii and L. delbrueckii with 1 - and 2-valent metal ions it forms dextrorotatory salts and laevorotatory salts with 3-valent metal ions, e.g., zinc D-(+)-lactate 2H2O, [alo" -i-8.18° (HjO). (5)-form (sarcolactic acid, paralactic acid), mp. 53 °C, [ajp l 3.82° (H2O), pKg 3.79 (25 °C), is highly hygroscopic, occurs in blo, muscles serum, bile, kidneys, and other organs. The content of L. increases after strenuous muscle activity (lactate acidosis). The racemate, oil.mp. 17°C,bp. 122 °C(1.86 kPa), steam distillable, is widely distributed in nature, e. g., in sour milk products, in molasses as a result of partial fermentation of the sugars from apples and other fruits. For biochemistry and preparation, see Ut.. ... 

Letant SE, Content S, Tan TT, Zenhausem F, Sailor MJ (2000) Integration of porous silicon chips in an electronic artificial nose. Sens Actuators B 69 193-198 Li X, Bohn PW (2000) Metal-assisted chemical etching in HF/H2O2 produces porous silicon. Appl Phys Lett 77 2572... 

The majority of matter that we encounter is in the form of mixtures. Apple juice, a flame, salad dressing, and soil are all examples of mixtures they each contain several substances mixed together in proportions that vary from one sample to another. Other common mixtures include air, seawater, and brass. Air is a mixture composed primarily of nitrogen and oxygen gas, seawater is a mixture composed primarily of salt and water, and brass is a mixture composed of copper and zinc. Each of these mixtures can have different proportions of its constituent components. For example, metallurgists vary the relative amounts of copper and zinc in brass to tailor the metal s properties to its intended use— the higher the zinc content relative to the copper content, the more brittle the brass. 

Zhu Z, Asaka K, Chang L et al (2013b) Physical interpretation of deformation evolvement with water content of ionic polymer-metal composite actuator. J Appl Phys 114 184902... 

Yu et al. reported RCCM could be employed in the apple juice production [51]. The contents of methamidophos and parathion-methyl in the juice treated by RCCM decreased 58.76% and 71.92%. Furthermore, RCCM was used to clarification for beer by the ways of a column [52]. RCCM could hydrolyze sensitive protein and increase contents of free amino acid in the beer. Therefore, the beer treated by RCCM could stay oxidation and aging procedure due to some metal ions being absorbed by RCCM. 

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