Anxiety disorders sample

Another study with citalopram evaluated its efficacy in the treatment of social anxiety disorder along with co-morbid major depression (Schneier etal., 2003). The outpatients (n= 21) were predominantly Hispanic (76%) and from New York. Response rates for the intent-to-treat sample were 66.7% for social anxiety disorder and 76.2% for major depression. Only one subject was known to have withdrawn secondary to severe side effects. The mean dose of the medication was 37.6 mg/day and there was no placebo control. The depressive symptoms tended to improve... 

The family study approach, particularly when employed with systematic community-based samples, is one of the most powerful strategies to minimize heterogeneity, since etiologic factors for the development of a particular disorder can be assumed to be relatively homotypic within famihes. There is a dearth of studies that have employed within-family designs to examine either phenotypic expression or some of the putative biologic factors underlying the major anxiety disorders. For example,both Perna et al. (1996,1995) and Coryell... 

Table 2 summarizes Hfetime, 12-month, 6-month and point prevalence findings for anxiety disorders across major commimity studies that have been conducted since the introduction of the DSM-III in 1980. Table 2 in addition provides information about diagnostic criteria, instriunents used, and sample... 

Carter RM, Wittchen H-U, Pfister H, Kessler R (2001) One-year prevalence of sub threshold and threshold DSM-IV generalized anxiety disorder in a nationally representative sample. Depress Anxiety 13 78-88... 

Rosenbaum JF, Biederman J, Hirshfeld DR, Bolduc EA, Faraone SV, Kagan J, Snidman N, Reznick JS (1991) Further evidence of an association between behavioral inhibition and anxiety disorders results from a family study of children from a non-clinical sample. J Psychiatr Res 25 49-65... 

Wittchen HU, Zhao S, Kessler RC, Eaton WW (1994) DSM-III-R generalized anxiety disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey. Arch Gen Psychiatry 51 355-364 Wittchen HU, Nelson CB, Lachner G (1998a) Prevalence of mental disorders and psychosocial impairments in adolescents and young adults. Psychol Med 28 109-126 Wittchen HU, Reed V, Kessler RC (1998b) The relationship of agoraphobia and panic in a community sample of adolescents and yoimg adults. Arch Gen Psychiatry 55 1017-1024... 

Several controlled studies of IMI involved less homogeneous samples of anxious children. Neither IMI nor alprazolam (a BZ) was superior to placebo in an 8-week study of 24 children (ages 7-18 years) with school refusal, which included subjects with anxiety and depression (Bernstein et ah, 1990). A more recent placebo-controlled study of IMI -I- CBT for 47 adolescents (ages 12-18 years) with school refusal, anxiety, and/or depression was designed to address the limitations of previous studies of TCA treatment for pediatric anxiety disorders (Bernstein et ah, 2000). Accordingly, sample size was based on proposed power analysis IMI dose and serum level were monitored to ensure adequate exposure (mean IMI dose 180 mg/day mean serum IMI180 pg/L and mean IMI -I- DMI 250 pg/L at week 3 and week 8) and CBT was manual based and closely monitored. Fifty-four percent of subjects treated with IMI -I- CBT met remission criteria (defined as > 75% school attendance at the end of the study), compared to 17% of subjects treated with placebo -I- CBT. No between-group differences were noted... 

McWilliams, L. A., Cox, B. J., and Enns, M. W. (2003). Mood and anxiety disorders associated with chronic pain An examination in a nationally representative sample. Pain 106, 127—133. 

The mood and anxiety disorders in their various permutations constitute a major source of personal suffering and impaired ability to engage in productive Avork and interpersonal relationships. Between 5 and 9% of women and between 2 and 3% of men meet the diagnostic criteria for major depression at any time 10-25% of all women suffer major depression sometime in their lives, while 5-10% of men will develop major depressive disorder (American Psychiatric Association, 1994). The anxiety disorders obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), panic disorder, and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) show lifetime prevalence rates of approximately 2.5%, 7%, 2.5%, and 5% respectively. Between 3 and 13% of individuals in community samples are regarded to meet the diagnostic criteria for social phobia. Mood and anxiety disorders are common comorbidities (American Psychiatric Association, 1994) and the most common antidepressant medications including the serotonin reuptake inhibitors, the mixed serotonin-catecholamine reuptake inhibitors, the tricyclic antidepressants, and the monoamine oxidase inhibitors, are all effective treatments for anxiety and panic attacks. 

In another study, Malsch and Kieser (2001) investigated the anxiolytic effects of WS 1490 compared to placebo in patients previously treated with a benzodiazepine. They evaluated the potential of the kava preparation as a replacement for the benzodiazepine, as well as the ability of the kava preparation to reduce benzodiazepine withdrawal symptoms. This was a five-week randomized, double blind placebo-controlled study in outpatients with non-psychotic anxiety (e.g., generalized anxiety disorder, social phobia, and simple phobia). Forty patients were included, and all had been on benzodiazepines (i.e., lorazepam, bromazepam, oxazepam, or alprazolam) for a mean duration of 20 months prior to entering the study. Of the 40 patients, 25 were males, and the mean age of the total sample was 40 years (range 21—75 years). 

March, J.S., Conners, C.K., Arnold, L.E., Epstein, J., Parker, S., Hinshaw, S., Abikoff, H., Molina, B., Wells, K., Newcorn,/., Schuck, S., Pelham, W.E., and Hoza, B. (1999) The Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (MASC) confirmatory factor analysis in a pediatric ADHD sample./ Attention Disord 3 85-90. 

The besylate salt of mesoridazine 43 is a commercially available antipsychotic medication that is used for treating schizophrenia and mania as well as major depression, anxiety, or severe behavior disorders in children. Mesoridazine 43 has four enantiomers, but the commercial samples are sold as only one diastereomeric pair. The methyl sulfoxide peak of 43 in the H NMR spectrum in the presence of 39 exhibits a peak for each of the four enantiomers. The areas of the sulfoxide resonances were used to compare the diastereomeric ratio of freshly prepared samples of 43 with commercial samples for changes in the ratio of the different isomers. ... 

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